Morphometric analysis of palatal rugae among Jordanians: further evidence of worldwide palatal rugae individuality

Morphological study of rugae palatinae in Sudanese Nubians

“…The results are also consistent with those reported for Australian Aborigines and Caucasian populations as they, too, are found to have a higher prevalence of wavy-and curved-shaped rugae [14]. Departing from this trend, however, wavy-shaped rugae are the most prevalent followed by diverging rugae in Jordanians [19], and wavy followed by straight and curved are the most prevalent among Rwandans [11] and Nepalese [13]. Despite the fact that the wavy shape seems to be the most dominant pattern in most studied populations, the variability in percentages and the order of other shapes present indicates the need for population-specific studies.…”

“…The only significant difference between the sexes is found in the number of primary rugae. This finding differs from the findings reported for Jordanians [19] and Australian Aboriginals [14], but is consistent with the results for western Indians [10]. Furthermore, the most prevalent rugae direction in Sudanese Nubians is forward, which is followed by backward and then perpendicular for both sexes.…”

“…Forward-directed rugae represent the majority in both sexes with the percentage in males (56.52%) exceeding that of females (53.47%), while the percentages of backward-directed and perpendicular-directed rugae are slightly higher for females. This finding is in accordance with the findings for Jordanians [19], but it contradicts the results related to Rwandans [11] where females have more forward-directed rugae. While the results of this study show that there are no significant sexual differences in the orientation of rugae, a previous study of Jordanians found sexual dimorphism in forward--directed rugae [19].…”

“…This finding is in accordance with the findings for Jordanians [19], but it contradicts the results related to Rwandans [11] where females have more forward-directed rugae. While the results of this study show that there are no significant sexual differences in the orientation of rugae, a previous study of Jordanians found sexual dimorphism in forward--directed rugae [19].…”

“…The means of primary rugae are 9.76 for males and 9.06 for females. These results are close to the findings regarding Indian males and females (9.7 and 9.2) [13], but higher than those for Jordanians [19], Rwandans [11], Saudis [9], Japanese [8], Caucasian Australians [14], and Nepalese [13]. Nevertheless, they are still lower than those reported for the Australian Aboriginals [14].…”