Morphometric analysis of mental foramen in human dry mandibles of nepalese population

Abstract

Background: Mental foramina are located bilaterally in the antero-lateral aspect of the body of mandible. It transmits mental nerve, and vessels. The location, shape, size, direction and number of mental foramen in human mandibles are subject of variation. The knowledge of it is applicable in endodontics, surgery and anesthesia. Aims and Objective: To establish the location, shape, size, direction and incidence of mental foramen (MF) in dry human mandibles of Nepalese population. Materials and Methods: One hundred dry human mandibles of unknown age and sex were selected randomly. Shape, size, position of MF with respect to tooth and other anatomical landmark were determined. Paired t-test was used for specific statistical analysis. Results: In most cases (61%), the MF was oval in shape & situated below the apex of second premolar (58% on right side and 69% on left side). Various parameters investigated were, the horizontal distance between (1) base of mandible and MF was 12.24 mm on right and 12.26 mm on the left, (2) alveolar margin and MF was 13.95 mm on right and13.75 mm on left (3) symphysis menti of mandible and MF was 26.71 mm on right and 26.49 mm on left, (4) posterior border of mandible and MF was 65.34 mm on right and 65.68mm on left. Conclusion: By the knowledge of position, shape, size, direction and distance of the mental foramen from various landmarks and the presence of the accessory foramen may be of much use to dental surgeons.

Anthropometric Analysis of Mental Foramen in Dry Human Mandibles in Karnataka

“…The most common position of mental foramen in the present study was along the long axis of second premolar tooth. The findings of the present study are in accordance with previous studies like Agarwal and Gupta, 6 Bhudhiiraja et al, 7 Kadel et al, 11 Ilayperuma et al, 12 and Shukla et al 13 Kadel et al 11 in 2016 reported that the position of the mental foramen varies depending on various factors which include ossification of the human mandible, symmetry of mental triangle, bone remodeling activity, morphometrics of mandibular body, and anthropologic features of the facial skeleton in different populations. It is also reported that during early prenatal life, an interesting feature of mental foramen is that it is situated in the alveolar bone between the first molar and primary canine.…”

“…However, the values were relatively lower in the present study in all the parameters. The mean values of location of mental foramen were higher in studies conducted by Kadel et al 11 at Nepal and Ilayperuma et al 12 at Sri Lanka compared with the present study. This finding may be due to morphometric facial skeletal differences in different races.…”

Radiographic study of mental foramen in Chitwan population

“…The studies which were perfomed in various ethnic & racial groups like Chinese, Nigerians& Asian Indians; their results are similar to our study. 16,18,19 Our results are also similar to the previous studies which were conducted on dry human skull by Kandel.M et al & Badhiraja V et al 19,20 In conclusion the type & position on mental foramen varies in different population,but our study showed that the type & postion of mental foramen is not gender dependent .In majority of population shows bilaterally symmetry type & Position which is in agreement with previous studies.…”

Anthropometrics Analysis of Mental Foramen and Accessory Mental Foramen in Zambian Adult Human Mandibles

“…The study also found that the overall mean dimension of MF was 3.35mm, while it was 3.18mm and 3.79mm in the Zimbabwean [8] and Malawian [9] adult populations, respectively. The observed average HD of the MF was 3.7mm, while it was ranging from 3.26mm to 3.41mm in the Asian populations [19, 24, 25]. It is also important to note that a wider HD of 5.16mm [26] and a lower HD of 2.69mm [10] were also reported.…”