Morphometric Analysis of Gender-affirming Breast Augmentation

Abstract

Background: According to cisgender respondents, the “preferred” feminine breast has a 45:55 upper-to-lower pole ratio. Preferred breast ratios have not been evaluated for transgender women undergoing breast augmentation. Therefore, this study aimed to determine the preferred breast ratio according to the transgender population and, thus, better inform surgeon planning. Methods: Patients diagnosed with gender dysphoria were sent a survey with morphed breast images of four different upper-to-lower pole ratios: 35:65, 45:55, 50:50, and 55:45. Respondents ranked the images according to aesthetic preference. Rankings were analyzed by the Condorcet method. Results: 298 survey responses were analyzed: 197 (66.1%) respondents identified as transgender women and 31 (10.4%) as transgender men. Most respondents were younger than 40 (64.8%). Eighty-one (27.2%) had undergone breast augmentation, 136 (45.6%) had not and were not considering it, and 81 (27.2%) had not but were considering it. Across all subgroups, the most preferred ratio was 45:55 (P = 0.046). Those with more masculine genders and assigned female at birth preferred the 45:55 and 50:50 ratios equally. Those in their 30's and younger preferred the 45:55 and 50:50 ratios equally. Conclusions: The 45:55 ratio, established as the most preferred morphometrics for breast augmentation by cisgender respondents, is also the most aesthetically preferred proportion among transgender patients. Interestingly, the 50:50 ratio, which projects a larger upper bust compared to the 45:55 ratio, may be equally or more appealing to younger patients and those with more masculine genders. We hope these results improve patient-physician shared decision-making and postoperative expectations.

Paucity of Online Information About Gender-Affirming Surgery Fellowships in the United States

“…It is also important to note that there are recent efforts to standardize GAS curriculum for residents and fellows such that trainees will gain competence in all areas of GAS, including the nonsurgical aspects of care for this population 2,18 . Patients who undergo GAS need specialized multidisciplinary care from other involved specialties such as but not limited to urology, OB/GYN, otolaryngology, psychiatry, and endocrinology 3,18 .…”

“…Of the variables evaluated, 6 variables were specifically related to GAS education. These variables were identified from recent efforts spearheaded by plastic surgery leaders in the field of GAS to establish specific educational milestones for plastic surgery trainees to meet 2,18 …”

“…As gender-affirming surgery (GAS) becomes increasingly accessible and in demand over recent years, there is a growing need for fellowship-trained gender-affirming surgeons as well as a need for standardized approaches to training to ensure patient safety and quality outcomes 1,2 . Specifically, the World Professional Association for Transgender Health publishes the Standards of Care (SOC) to recommend guidelines for transgender care.…”

“…Thus, trainees should undergo further structured fellowship training to be adequately prepared to provide all-inclusive care. This is particularly important because there is often varying exposure to GAS in most plastic surgery residency programs 2,4 . Furthermore, there is a lack of definition for what curriculum should be defined as in both plastic surgery residency and in GAS fellowships 2,4–6 …”

Điều trị rò bạch huyết sau mổ bóc u mỡ vùng bẹn đùi hai bên bằng nút mạch bạch huyết kết hợp tiêm xơ: Ca lâm sàng và điểm lại y văn

“…(1) làm thuyên tắc trực tiếp mạch bạch huyết bị rò và 3,7,16,19 Thông báo của chúng tôi có một số hạn chế nhất định. Thứ nhất, cỡ mẫu hạn chế bởi vì chụp mạch bạch huyết trong hạch và thuyên tắc bạch huyết vùng bẹn là một kỹ thuật mới.…”