Morphometric analysis of early regeneration of motor axons through motor and cutaneous nerve grafts

Ghalib, Nabil Ahmed; Houšťava, Ladislav; Haninec, Pavel; Dubový, Petr

doi:10.1016/s0940-9602(01)80183-7

Cited by 26 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…However, the diameter of axons and the thickness of their myelin sheaths were significantly smaller when the axons regenerated into fresh sensory compared with motor grafts. This indicates an influence of extrinsic conditions on the maturation of the motor axons (Ghalib et al, 2001). …”

Section: Preferential Motor Reinnervationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Schwann cells and endoneurial extracellular matrix molecules as potential cues for sorting of regenerated axons: A review

Dubový

2004

Anat Sci Int

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Besides very well elaborated microsurgical management of severed peripheral nerves, the clinical results of functional recovery following surgical repair of mixed nerves are disappointing. An improvement of functional recovery after peripheral nerve lesion requires the accurate regeneration of axons to their original target tissues and structures. Therefore, better clinical results could be obtained by a greater understanding of the cellular and molecular biology of selective nerve regeneration. The studies concerning Schwann cells and their endoneurial extracellular matrix as potent cues for selective promotion and influence of regenerating motor and sensory axons are reviewed. Knowledge of the sorting mechanisms of regenerated motor and sensory axons is needed not only for improvement of functional recovery, but also for the development of biocompatible nerve prostheses.

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Section: Preferential Motor Reinnervationmentioning

confidence: 93%

Schwann cells and endoneurial extracellular matrix molecules as potential cues for sorting of regenerated axons: A review

Dubový

2004

Anat Sci Int

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“…Regeneration is quantified by identifying the number of neurons that have projected to mid-graft. Axon counts, used as an outcome measure in previous graft comparisons, have variously demonstrated that cutaneous nerve is superior to (Bernardo Corte et al, 1984), equal to (Ghalib et al, 2001), or inferior to (Nichols et al, 2004) muscle nerve as a graft for motor axons. Moreover, motor axons maintain more collaterals in cutaneous nerve than in muscle nerve (Redett et al, 2005), confounding the use of axon counts as an outcome measure.…”

Section: Modality-specific Regenerationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schwann Cells Express Motor and Sensory Phenotypes That Regulate Axon Regeneration

Redett²,

et al. 2006

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Schwann cell phenotype is classified as either myelinating or nonmyelinating. Additional phenotypic specialization is suggested, however, by the preferential reinnervation of muscle pathways by motoneurons. To explore potential differences in growth factor expression between sensory and motor nerve, grafts of cutaneous nerve or ventral root were denervated, reinnervated with cutaneous axons, or reinnervated with motor axons. Competitive reverse transcription-PCR was performed on normal cutaneous nerve and ventral root and on graft preparations 5, 15, and 30 d after surgery. mRNA for nerve growth factor (NGF), brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), vascular endothelial growth factor, hepatocyte growth factor, and insulin-like growth factor-1 was expressed vigorously by denervated and reinnervated cutaneous nerve but minimally by ventral root. In contrast, mRNA for pleiotrophin (PTN) and glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor was upregulated to a greater degree in ventral root. ELISA confirmed that NGF and BDNF protein were significantly more abundant in denervated cutaneous nerve than in denervated ventral root, but that PTN protein was more abundant in denervated ventral root. The motor phenotype was not immutable and could be modified toward the sensory phenotype by prolonged reinnervation of ventral root by cutaneous axons. Retrograde labeling to quantify regenerating neurons demonstrated that cutaneous nerve preferentially supported cutaneous axon regeneration, whereas ventral root preferentially supported motor axon regeneration. Schwann cells thus express distinct sensory and motor phenotypes that are associated with the support of regeneration in a phenotype-specific manner. These findings suggest that current techniques of bridging gaps in motor and mixed nerve with cutaneous graft could be improved by matching axon and Schwann cell properties.

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“…46,50 The resulting regenerated nerve, therefore, might be composed predominantly of motor fibers 4 or of sensory axons, 17 depending on the integrated interpretation of the diffusible signals and contact mediated guidance cues presented to them. Most studies utilizing multi-luminal nerve repair methods have described the innervation of motor axons, 11,12 while the extent of sensory fiber regeneration has not been fully characterized.…”

Section: Fascicular-like Gap Repair By the Multiluminar Bnimentioning

confidence: 99%

Peripheral Nerve Repair Through Multi-Luminal Biosynthetic Implants

et al. 2011

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Peripheral nerve damage is routinely repaired by autogenic nerve grafting, often leading to less than optimal functional recovery at the expense of healthy donor nerves. Alternative repair strategies use tubular scaffolds to guide the regeneration of damaged nerves, but despite the progress made on improved structural materials for the nerve tubes, functional recovery remains incomplete. We developed a biosynthetic nerve implant (BNI) consisting of a hydrogel-based transparent multichannel scaffold with luminar collagen matrix as a 3-D substrate for nerve repair. Using a rat sciatic nerve injury model we showed axonal regeneration through the BNI to be histologically comparable to the autologous nerve repair. At 10 weeks post-injury, nerve defects repaired with collagen-filled, single lumen tubes formed single nerve cables, while animals that received the multi-luminal BNIs showed multiple nerve cables and the formation of a perineurial-like layer within the available microchannels. Total numbers of myelinated and unmyelinated axons in the BNI were increased 3-fold and 30%, respectively, compared to collagen tubes. The recovery of reflexive movement confirmed the functional regeneration of both motor and sensory neurons. This study supports the use of multi-luminal BNIs as a viable alternative to autografts in the repair of nerve gap injuries.

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Morphometric analysis of early regeneration of motor axons through motor and cutaneous nerve grafts

Cited by 26 publications

References 24 publications

Schwann cells and endoneurial extracellular matrix molecules as potential cues for sorting of regenerated axons: A review

Schwann cells and endoneurial extracellular matrix molecules as potential cues for sorting of regenerated axons: A review

Schwann Cells Express Motor and Sensory Phenotypes That Regulate Axon Regeneration

Peripheral Nerve Repair Through Multi-Luminal Biosynthetic Implants

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