Morphology‐Performance Relationships in High‐Efficiency All‐Polymer Solar Cells

Zhou, Nan; Lin, Hui; Lou, Sylvia J.; Yu, Xinge; Guo, Peijun; Manley, Eric F.; Loser, Stephen; Hartnett, Patrick E.; Huang, Hui; Wasielewski, Michael R.; Chen, Lin X.; Chang, Robert P. H.; Facchetti, Antonio; Marks, Tobin J.

doi:10.1002/aenm.201300785

Cited by 232 publications

(194 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…acceptors-n-type small molecules and polymers having diverse electronic structures (1,(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)-illustrates the need for a design strategy to create ET IFLs with broadly tunable energy levels. Furthermore, moving from oxides, to polymers, to selfassembled materials incurs large, unpredictable variations in surface chemistry, compounding the challenge in energy level positioning.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Amorphous oxide alloys as interfacial layers with broadly tunable electronic structures for organic photovoltaic cells

Zhou

Kim

Loser

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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In diverse classes of organic optoelectronic devices, controlling charge injection, extraction, and blocking across organic semiconductor-inorganic electrode interfaces is crucial for enhancing quantum efficiency and output voltage. To this end, the strategy of inserting engineered interfacial layers (IFLs) between electrical contacts and organic semiconductors has significantly advanced organic light-emitting diode and organic thin film transistor performance. For organic photovoltaic (OPV) devices, an electronically flexible IFL design strategy to incrementally tune energy level matching between the inorganic electrode system and the organic photoactive components without varying the surface chemistry would permit OPV cells to adapt to ever-changing generations of photoactive materials. Here we report the implementation of chemically/environmentally robust, low-temperature solution-processed amorphous transparent semiconducting oxide alloys, In-Ga-O and Ga-Zn-Sn-O, as IFLs for inverted OPVs. Continuous variation of the IFL compositions tunes the conduction band minima over a broad range, affording optimized OPV power conversion efficiencies for multiple classes of organic active layer materials and establishing clear correlations between IFL/photoactive layer energetics and device performance.interface | amorphous oxide | photovoltaic | interfacial layers S olar to electrical energy conversion technologies have received great attention as abundant and sustainable resources (1-5). The diffuse nature of solar energy requires low-cost, largearea devices while maintaining high power conversion efficiency (PCE) (3). As a universal design strategy, many of the emerging thin film photovoltaic (PV) technologies such as bulk heterojunction (BHJ) organic, perovskite, quantum dot (QD), and CIGS (Cu-InGa-Se) solar cells are fabricated using a trilayer architecture, where light absorbers are sandwiched between two electrodes coated with various interfacial layers (IFLs) (6-9). Stringent requirements govern ideal IFL materials design. Energetically, their respective band positions should match those of the photoinduced built-in potentials to provide energetically continuous carrier transport pathways and to accommodate the maximum allowed output voltage. In recent reports, PV performance enhancement via IFL energetic tuning has been demonstrated for very specific BHJ organic, QD, and perovskite cell compositions (6,8,10,11). However, true IFL energetic tunability has not been achieved and offers a challenging opportunity to optimize device performance.Fabricable from energetically diverse organic active layers, organic photovoltaics (OPVs) provide an excellent test bed for tuning IFL energetics and are the subject of this study. The basic BHJ OPV architecture contains a mesoscopically heterogeneous and isotropic, phase-separated donor-acceptor blend-a strategy to overcome the relatively short exciton diffusion lengths (∼10 nm) (2, 12, 13), sandwiched between hole-transporting (HT) and electron-transporting (ET) IFLs (2). Th...

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Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

“…The results for PTB7:PC 71 BM (described above), dithienogermole-thienopyrrolodione (PDTG-TPD):PC 71 BM, and PTB7:P(NDI2OD-T2) all-polymer solar cells (11,18,27) are compared in SI Appendix, Fig. S17 and Tables S8 and S9.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Amorphous oxide alloys as interfacial layers with broadly tunable electronic structures for organic photovoltaic cells

Zhou

Kim

Loser

et al. 2015

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

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“…The low charge mobility of organic materials, due to the localization of charged states, is associated with the high possibility of charge recombination [16]. Furthermore, organic materials usually show an exciton diffusion length of ∼10 nm and optical absorption depths of 100 nm [17][18][19]. The thickness of the active layer range from 30 to 100 nm in order to efficiently collect the photogenerated carriers, which is too thin to capture the incident light accordingly.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Towards High Performance Organic Photovoltaic Cells: A Review of Recent Development in Organic Photovoltaics

2014

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Organic photovoltaic cells (OPVs) have been a hot topic for research during the last decade due to their promising application in relieving energy pressure and environmental problems caused by the increasing combustion of fossil fuels. Much effort has been made toward understanding the photovoltaic mechanism, including evolving chemical structural motifs and designing device structures, leading to a remarkable enhancement of the power conversion efficiency of OPVs from 3% to over 15%. In this brief review, the advanced progress and the state-of-the-art performance of OPVs in very recent years are summarized. Based on several of the latest developed approaches to accurately detect the separation of electron-hole pairs in the femtosecond regime, the theoretical interpretation to exploit the comprehensive mechanistic picture of energy harvesting and charge carrier generation are discussed, especially for OPVs with bulk and multiple heterojunctions. Subsequently, the novel structural designs of the device architecture of OPVs embracing external geometry modification and intrinsic structure decoration are presented. Additionally, some approaches to further increase the efficiency of OPVs are described, including thermotics and dynamics modification methods. Finally, this review highlights the challenges and prospects with the aim of providing a better understanding towards highly efficient OPVs.

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“…Organic photoelectronic devices have attracted much current research interests such as organic photodetectors (PDs), [1][2][3] organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs), [4][5][6] and organic solar cells (OSCs). [7][8][9] Among them, OLEDs have already gained enormous applications in the display and lighting markets. Nowadays, organic PDs with sensitivity from ultraviolet (UV)-visible to near-infrared wavelengths have been extensively studied due to their merits of large-area detection and flexibility, as well as their potential applications in chemical/biological sensing, environmental sensing, image sensing, communications, and spectroscopic/ medical instruments.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

High performance organic ultraviolet photodetector with efficient electroluminescence realized by a thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter

Wang

Zhou

Huang

et al. 2015

Applied Physics Letters

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A high performance organic ultraviolet (UV) photodetector with efficient electroluminescence (EL) was obtained by using a thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF) emitter of (4s,6s)-2,4,5,6-tetra(9H-carbazol-9-yl)isophthalonitrile (4CzIPN). An exciton adjusting layer (EAL) was delicately designed to construct an energy-level-aligned heterojunction with 4CzIPN. As a result, the bi-functional device exhibited a high detectivity of 1.4 × 1012 Jones under 350 nm UV light. Moreover, our device exhibited efficient EL emission utilizing the merit of reverse intersystem crossing process from triplet to singlet excitons of 4CzIPN, showing a maximum luminance, current efficiency, and power efficiency of 26370 cd/m2, 8.2 cd/A, and 4.9 lm/W, respectively. This work arouses widespread interest in constructing efficient bi-functional device based on TADF emitter and EAL structure.

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Morphology‐Performance Relationships in High‐Efficiency All‐Polymer Solar Cells

Cited by 232 publications

References 51 publications

Amorphous oxide alloys as interfacial layers with broadly tunable electronic structures for organic photovoltaic cells

Amorphous oxide alloys as interfacial layers with broadly tunable electronic structures for organic photovoltaic cells

Towards High Performance Organic Photovoltaic Cells: A Review of Recent Development in Organic Photovoltaics

High performance organic ultraviolet photodetector with efficient electroluminescence realized by a thermally activated delayed fluorescence emitter

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