Morphology of water transport channels and hydrophobic clusters in Nafion from high spatial resolution AFM-IR spectroscopy and imaging

Awatani, Tadashi; Midorikawa, Hiromi; Kojima, Nobuo; Ye, Jiping; Marcott, Curtis

doi:10.1016/j.elecom.2013.01.021

Cited by 35 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…Infrared & Raman spectroscopy are the most widespread vibrational spectroscopic modalities in common use [7][8] [9]. When infrared radiation passes through a sample, bonds between atoms vibrate due to absorption of energy Different molecules and functional groups exhibit characteristic absorption peaks corresponding to the frequency of a vibration in a given molecule [10] [11]. Based on the range of frequencies studied, infrared spectroscopy is subdivided into three categories: the near infrared (NIR) region within the 400nm-2500nm or 25000-4000cm -1 range, which is sensitive to overtone and combinations of 6 vibrational vibrations; the mid infrared (MIR) region within the 2500nm-25000nm or 4000-400cm -1 range to study fundamental vibrations and the far infrared (FIR) region spanning 25000-1000000nm or 400-10cm -1 range to study rotations.…”

Section: Vibrational Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Spectra were collected during hydration/dehydration cycles of 3h exposure to dry N 2 , 3h exposure to humid N 2 and 3h An interesting aspect of water is the possibility of finding free and bound water molecules, which show different behaviour around membranes. The PEFC Nafion contains 3-4nm water channels, and the presence of free and bound water molecules around these water channels was investigated by the use of AFM-IR [11]. Nafion was cryo-microtomed to a thickness of 300nm and imaging was carried out using AFM-IR over a 3 µm x 3 µm scan area, correlated to a pixel size of 6 nm × 6 nm, over a 3600-2700 cm −1 range under ambient conditions (R.H. 50%, 24 °C) with a spectral resolution of 16 cm −1 .…”

Section: Moisture Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This image was taken using air as reference, 4000-800 cm -1 range, spectral resolution = 4 cm -1 , spatial resolution = 4um 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 4 membrane surface. Image sourced from [11] …”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Image sourced from [10] 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 ) show that free water and bound water are distributed differently on the Nafion membrane surface. Image sourced from [11] …”

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confidence: 99%

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A review of recent trends in polymer characterization using non-destructive vibrational spectroscopic modalities and chemical imaging

Mukherjee

Gowen

2015

Analytica Chimica Acta

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1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 Table 5 Table summarising all the non-spatial and spatial analyses covered in this review paper List of figuresFigure 1: The image shows the reflectance based blend distribution image of a PLLA: P3HB 50:50 blend solvent cast film. Yellow/Red sections show the concentration of Poly-L-Lactic acid(PLLA) and the green/blue section shows concentrations of Poly-3-hydroxybutyrate(P3HB) by selecting the 1753cm -1 representing the C=O bond(PLLA) and 1720cm -1 for the same bond (P3HB) in the blend. This image was taken using air as reference, 4000-800 cm -1 range, spectral resolution = 4 cm -1 , spatial resolution = 4um 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35 36 37 38 39 40 41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 54 55 56 57 58 59 60 61 62 63 64 65 4 membrane surface. Image sourced from [11]

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Section: Vibrational Spectroscopymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Moisture Contentmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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A review of recent trends in polymer characterization using non-destructive vibrational spectroscopic modalities and chemical imaging

Mukherjee

Gowen

2015

Analytica Chimica Acta

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“…It allows for spatial resolution of chemical information on the nanoscale, 12, 20–23 and has successfully assessed compositional variations in polymer blends 8, 24–31 and living cells. 20–22, 32, 33 As a result, PTIR has been used to analyze the drug-polymer blends in this study.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Atomic Force Microscope Infrared Spectroscopy of Griseofulvin Nanocrystals

et al. 2013

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The goal of this work was to evaluate the ability of photothermal induced resonance (PTIR) to measure the local infrared absorption spectra of crystalline organic drug nanoparticles embedded within solid matrices. Herein, the first reports of the chemical characterization of sub-100 nm organic crystals are described; infrared spectra of 90 nm griseofulvin particles were obtained, confirming the chemical resolution of PTIR beyond the diffraction limit. Additionally, particle size distributions via dynamic light scattering and PTIR image analysis were found to be similar, suggesting that the PTIR measurements are not significantly affected by inhomogeneous infrared absorptivity of this system. Thus as medical applications increasingly emphasize localized drug delivery via micro/nano-engineered structures, PTIR can be used to unambiguously chemically characterize drug formulations at these length scales.

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Recent Advances and Applications of Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging

Unger

Marcott²

2017

Encyclopedia of Analytical Chemistry

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In conventional infrared (IR) microspectroscopy, the rule of thumb is that you cannot obtain IR spectra of objects smaller than 5–10 m in size. This is based on the diffraction of radiation, and therefore, the spatial resolution is limited to be on the order of the wavelength of light used to make the measurement. Recently, researchers have developed new techniques that can overcome this limit, where the spatial resolution is not limited by diffraction. In this context, this article will focus on the combination of atomic force microscopy and infrared spectroscopy (AFM‐IR) as well as scattering scanning nearfield optical microscopy (s‐SNOM). Both techniques, AFM‐IR and s‐SNOM, are complementary with different strengths and weaknesses. AFM‐IR directly detects IR radiation absorbed by the sample using the AFM (atomic force microscope) probe tip to sense thermal expansion. This thermal expansion depends primarily on the absorption coefficient of the sample and is largely independent of other optical properties of the AFM tip and the sample. Thus, the AFM‐IR technique is preferred to measure absorption spectra with correlation to conventional IR spectroscopy and, furthermore, can be widely used for studies of soft materials such as polymers and life science samples. On the other hand, s‐SNOM detects radiation scattered by nanometer‐scale regions directly under the AFM probe tip. The scattered field depends on the complex optical constants of both the tip and the sample and contains rich information about nano‐optical phenomena. s‐SNOM is an advanced technique for imaging nanoscale contrast based on optical properties, with diverse applications in advanced materials, devices, and fundamental light/matter interactions. In this article, both the AFM‐IR and s‐SNOM approaches will be described with example applications of how they can be used to chemically characterize materials at the nanoscale.

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Morphology of water transport channels and hydrophobic clusters in Nafion from high spatial resolution AFM-IR spectroscopy and imaging

Cited by 35 publications

References 29 publications

A review of recent trends in polymer characterization using non-destructive vibrational spectroscopic modalities and chemical imaging

A review of recent trends in polymer characterization using non-destructive vibrational spectroscopic modalities and chemical imaging

Atomic Force Microscope Infrared Spectroscopy of Griseofulvin Nanocrystals

Recent Advances and Applications of Nanoscale Infrared Spectroscopy and Imaging

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