Morphology of the Pleurosternal Region of the Pterothorax in Insects1

Comparative Morphology of Insect Genitalia

“…In the higher insects, these segments in the thorax are said to be modifi ed such that the subcoxa forms the trochantin, and the pleuron forms the episternum and epimeron. A similar concept, generally known as the sub coxal theory, has been proposed (93,201,241) to explain the derivation of these same scler ites by the division of a single sub coxal segment and recently this idea has been developed in some detail by Matsuda (132,133). While this review is not concerned with the evolution of the insect tho rax, the above mentioned subcoxal theory clearly is important in supposedly documenting that the insect appendage has at least one additional segment proximal to the coxa.…”

The prothoracic morphology of Acalypterates (Diptera) and its use in systematics

“…In many Acalypterates, propleural elements make contact with the prosternum in front of the fore coxa, producing a precoxal bridge. The definition by Matsuda (1960) of a trochantin does not preclude the "precoxa" of Acalypterates from being a remnant of a true trochantin. 54).…”

The functional morphology of the thorax of Limnephilus marmoratus Curtis (Trichoptera: Limnephilidae)

“…The subdivisions of the meso-and metathoracic pleura are described in accordance with the work of Matsuda (1960), except that the trochantin is more exactly delineated. SUMMARY 1.…”

“…2, 3 and 4) has been called "Kehlsporn" and "Kehlsplatte" by Weber (1924Weber ( , 1928, "Cervicale" by Czihak (1953) and "cervical sclerite" by numerous other writers (Snodgrass, 1938;KCler, 1956;Matsuda, 1960), but there seems to be no reason why the term pre-episternum should not be used. The pre-episternum is, however, more or less unsclerotised except for its anterior and ventral margins.…”

“…Matsuda (1960) suggests that the trochantin is fused with the katepisternum in Trichoptera, but this does not seem to be so in the metathorax of Limnephilus. They are the only two simple dorsoventral muscles of the segment, and ventrally one ends on the anterior sternal sclerite and the other on the oblique strut mentioned above (p. 134).…”