Morphology of Rain Water Channeling in Systematically Varied Model Sandy Soils

Wei, Yuting; Cejas, Cesare M.; Barrois, Remi; Dreyfus, Rémi; Durian, Douglas J.

doi:10.1103/physrevapplied.2.044004

Cited by 27 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…For all oil-wetted samples, we use 365-μ m-diameter glass spheres (Potters Industries, stock number P-0170), cleaned according to the recipe in Ref. [29]. Both the grains and the oil are massed, and then stirred together by hand with a wooden spatula until the material has no clumps and is homogenous to the eye.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Penetration depth scaling for impact into wet granular packings

et al. 2015

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We present experimental measurements of penetration depths for the impact of spheres into wetted granular media. We observe that the penetration depth in the liquid saturated case scales with projectile density, size, and drop height in a fashion consistent with the scaling observed in the dry case, but with smaller penetrations. Neither viscous drag nor density effects can explain the enhancement to the stopping force. The penetration depth exhibits a complicated dependence on liquid fraction, accompanied by a change in the drop-height dependence, that must be the consequence of accompanying changes in the conformation of the liquid phase in the interstices. Disciplines Physical Sciences and Mathematics | PhysicsThis journal article is available at ScholarlyCommons: https://repository.upenn.edu/physics_papers/591PHYSICAL REVIEW E 91, 022202 (2015) Penetration depth scaling for impact into wet granular packings We present experimental measurements of penetration depths for the impact of spheres into wetted granular media. We observe that the penetration depth in the liquid saturated case scales with projectile density, size, and drop height in a fashion consistent with the scaling observed in the dry case, but with smaller penetrations. Neither viscous drag nor density effects can explain the enhancement to the stopping force. The penetration depth exhibits a complicated dependence on liquid fraction, accompanied by a change in the drop-height dependence, that must be the consequence of accompanying changes in the conformation of the liquid phase in the interstices.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The contact angle for water was determined using the procedure described in Ref. [29], whereas the value for oil was obtained by imaging an oil droplet on clean glass. The liquid saturation, S, is determined by the relative masses of granular material and liquid, which we vary as indicated in Table I.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Penetration depth scaling for impact into wet granular packings

et al. 2015

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“…If there is more than one channel, what sets the separation length? To help answer such questions, a quasi two-dimensional version of our set-up has been constructed in order to to directly visualize channel morphology and kinetics [31,32].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rain water transport and storage in a model sandy soil with hydrogel particle additives

Wei

Durian

2014

Eur. Phys. J. E

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We study rain water infiltration and drainage in a dry model sandy soil with superabsorbent hydrogel particle additives by measuring the mass of retained water for non-ponding rainfall using a self-built 3D laboratory set-up. In the pure model sandy soil, the retained water curve measurements indicate that instead of a stable horizontal wetting front that grows downward uniformly, a narrow fingered flow forms under the top layer of water-saturated soil. This rain water channelization phenomenon not only further reduces the available rain water in the plant root zone, but also affects the efficiency of soil additives, such as superabsorbent hydrogel particles. Our studies show that the shape of the retained water curve for a soil packing with hydrogel particle additives strongly depends on the location and the concentration of the hydrogel particles in the model sandy soil. By carefully choosing the particle size and distribution methods, we may use the swollen hydrogel particles to modify the soil pore structure, to clog or extend the water channels in sandy soils, or to build water reservoirs in the plant root zone.

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“…Before proceeding on how the infiltration phenomenon is influenced by physical parameters of the model soil, we probe the effects of the droplet impinging speed, U T , on our system and we do not see any significant effect [38]. For the experiments described in this paper, we keep the droplet impinging speed constant at U T = 1.0 m/s but vary the rain rate, Q, accordingly.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Kinetics of gravity-driven water channels under steady rainfall

et al. 2014

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We investigate the formation of fingered flow in dry granular media under simulated rainfall using a quasi-twodimensional experimental setup composed of a random close packing of monodisperse glass beads.Using controlled experiments, we analyze the finger instabilities that develop from the wetting front as a function of fundamental granular (particle size) and fluid properties (rainfall, viscosity). These finger instabilities act as precursors for water channels, which serve as outlets for water drainage. We look into the characteristics of the homogeneous wetting front and channel size as well as estimate relevant time scales involved in the instability formation and the velocity of the channel fingertip. We compare our experimental results with that of the wellknown prediction developed by Parlange and Hill [D. E. Hill and J. Y. Parlange, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 36, 697 (1972)]. This model is based on linear stability analysis of the growth of perturbations arising at the interface between two immiscible fluids. Results show that, in terms of morphology, experiments agree with the proposed model. However, in terms of kinetics we nevertheless account for another term that describes the homogenization of the wetting front. This result shows that the manner we introduce the fluid to a porous medium can also influence the formation of finger instabilities. The results also help us to calculate the ideal flow rate needed for homogeneous distribution of water in the soil and minimization of runoff, given the grain size, fluid density, and fluid viscosity. This could have applications in optimizing use of irrigation water. We investigate the formation of fingered flow in dry granular media under simulated rainfall using a quasitwo-dimensional experimental setup composed of a random close packing of monodisperse glass beads. Disciplines Physical Sciences and Mathematics | PhysicsUsing controlled experiments, we analyze the finger instabilities that develop from the wetting front as a function of fundamental granular (particle size) and fluid properties (rainfall, viscosity). These finger instabilities act as precursors for water channels, which serve as outlets for water drainage. We look into the characteristics of the homogeneous wetting front and channel size as well as estimate relevant time scales involved in the instability formation and the velocity of the channel fingertip. We compare our experimental results with that of the well-known prediction developed by Parlange and Hill [D. E. Hill and J. Y. Parlange, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. Proc. 36, 697 (1972)]. This model is based on linear stability analysis of the growth of perturbations arising at the interface between two immiscible fluids. Results show that, in terms of morphology, experiments agree with the proposed model. However, in terms of kinetics we nevertheless account for another term that describes the homogenization of the wetting front. This result shows that the manner we introduce the fluid to a porous medium can also influence the formation...

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Morphology of Rain Water Channeling in Systematically Varied Model Sandy Soils

Cited by 27 publications

References 38 publications

Penetration depth scaling for impact into wet granular packings

Penetration depth scaling for impact into wet granular packings

Rain water transport and storage in a model sandy soil with hydrogel particle additives

Kinetics of gravity-driven water channels under steady rainfall

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