Morphology of plantar interdigital neuroma: a comparative cadaveric study of elderly Finnish and Japanese individuals

Abe, Shinichi; Nakao, Tadashi; Yamane, Shigeki; Fukuda, Masayuki; Yamamoto, Masahito; Santti, Risto; Murakami, Gen

doi:10.2535/ofaj.90.1

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(11 reference statements)

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“…The final assessment category was also recorded. In addition, the radiologists evaluated whether a tail sign was present, reflecting focal thickening of the nerve; this is a finding known to be associated with neuroma in other parts of the body [4,13]. The PET, CT and fused PET-CT scans were viewed on a dedicated workstation for the two patients who underwent that procedure.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic features of traumatic neuromas in breast cancer patients after mastectomy

Sung

Kim

2017

Ultrasonography

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PurposeThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the ultrasonographic (US) features of traumatic neuromas in breast cancer patients after mastectomy.MethodsThis study was performed with approval from our Institutional Review Board, and the requirement for informed consent was waived. Six traumatic neuromas in five patients were included in this study. The US findings of traumatic neuromas were evaluated retrospectively by two radiologists according to the Breast Imaging-Reporting and Data System (BI-RADS) lexicon. The final assessment was also recorded.ResultsOn US, all six lesions presented as a mass within the pectoralis muscle layer (mean size, 4.8 mm; range, 3.9 to 5.5 mm). Of the six masses, four had an oval shape with a circumscribed margin, and two had an irregular shape and an indistinct margin. They were all hypoechoic. Two lesions showed a non-parallel orientation. On color Doppler examinations, two lesions showed internal vascularity. Strain elastography was performed for four neuromas, resulting in scores of 1 (n=1), 4 (n=2), and 5 (n=1). The final assessment categories were BI-RADS 3 (n=2), 4A (n=2), and 4B (n=2).ConclusionOn US, an oval shape, circumscribed margin, parallel orientation, and hypoechogenicity were the most frequent features of traumatic neuromas in breast cancer patients after mastectomy. Neuromas may show increased vascularity on color Doppler imaging and present as a hard mass on elastography.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ultrasonographic features of traumatic neuromas in breast cancer patients after mastectomy

Sung

Kim

2017

Ultrasonography

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“…However, in the present sections, a nerve as the core was sometimes absent, and the lamella was loosely and irregularly arrayed. The onion‐like structure was also similar to a degenerated nerve, such as the interdigital neuroma of the plantar foot with a lamellar thick sheath (Giannini et al, ; Abe et al, ) the pseudoganglion along the axillary nerve branch to the teres minor muscle (unpublished data). Being similar to our hypothesis of the glomus cell development, the onion‐like degeneration of nerve seems to have been caused by mechanical stress to the CX.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Coccygeal body revisited: An immunohistochemical study using donated elderly cadavers

Jin

Cho

Jang³

et al. 2017

The Anatomical Record

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To describe the normal anatomy and histology of the adult coccygeal body (CB) and to discuss about the origin and function, using immunohistochemistry, we examined 29 CBs found in 32 elderly donated cadavers without macroscopic pathology in the pelvis. The CB was usually located in or near the anococcygeal ligaments. It was almost always composed of multiple masses or nodules of round glomus cells (smooth muscle actin or SMA++). However, the CB sometimes contained abundant dilated veins with scattered glomus cells. Thus, the CBs varied from the glomus cell nodule-dominant type, through an intermediate morphology with a mixture of nodules and veins, to the vein-dominant type. Each glomus cell mass was surrounded by abundant sympathetic nerves. In all specimens, we found multiple abnormal arteries, each of which carried a glomus-like cell layer around the almost -obliterated vascular lumen; as well as an SMA-negative thick arterial wall containing abundant sympathetic nerves. The ligaments around the CB are known to be under strong mechanical stress from the pelvic floor. We considered abnormal arteries containing the unique internal layer as an intermediate between a normal muscular artery and a glomus cell mass of CB. Under long-termed mechanical stress, a muscular artery seems to lose smooth muscles with increased sympathetic nerve fibers, to compensate for the lack of muscle function. Taken together with fetal morphology (our recent report), some or most of the CBs might not be an arteriovenous shunt but a result of stress-induced acquired transformation of pericytes. Anat Rec, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Anat Rec, 300:1826-1837, 2017. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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“…According to our observations, there were two coccygeal body patterns: (1) an artery‐dominant type, composed of convoluted arteries with thick muscular walls, as well as scattered nerves and, (2) a nerve‐dominant type that contained abundant nerves with very thick sheaths, as well as scattered thin arteries and veins (in preparation as another paper). In the latter, nerve morphology was the same as in the interdigital neuroma of the plantar foot (Abe et al, ). In both types, abundant degenerative nerves with an onion‐peel appearance were seen around the coccygeal body.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Median Sacral Artery, Sympathetic Nerves, and the Coccygeal Body: A Study Using Serial Sections of Human Embryos and Fetuses

Jin

Cho

Jang³

et al. 2016

The Anatomical Record

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To examine how the median sacral artery (MSA) is involved with the coccygeal body or glomus coccygeum, we studied serial frontal or sagittal sections of 14 embryos (approximately 5-6 weeks of gestation) and 12 fetuses (10-18 weeks). At five weeks, the caudal end of the dorsal aorta (i.e., MSA) accompanied putative sympathetic ganglion cells in front of the upper coccygeal and lower sacral vertebrae. At six weeks, a candidate for the initial coccygeal body was identified as a longitudinal arterial plexus involving nerve fibers and sympathetic ganglion cells between arteries. At 10-18 weeks, the MSA exhibited a highly tortuous course at the lower sacral and coccygeal levels, and was attached to and surrounded by veins, nerve fibers, and sympathetic ganglion cells near and between the bilateral origins of the levator ani muscle. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated expression of tyrosine hydroxylase and chromogranin A in the nerves. However, throughout the stages examined, we found no evidence suggestive of an arteriovenous anastomosis, such as well-developed smooth muscle. An acute anterior flexure of the vertebrae at the lower sacrum, as well as regression of the secondary neural tube, seemed to induce arterial plexus formation from an initial straight MSA. Nerves and ganglion cells were likely to be secondarily involved with the plexus because of the close topographical relationship. However, these nerves might play a major role in the extreme change into adult morphology. An arteriovenous anastomosis along the MSA might be an overinterAbbreviations used: BP 5 brachial plexus; Co1-4 5 coccygeal segment of vertebrae; COM 5 coccygeus muscles; CRL 5 crown-rump length; CX 5 coccyx; DRG 5 dorsal root ganglion; EAS 5 external anal sphincter; HE 5 hematoxylin and eosin; HRP 5 horseradish peroxidase; LAM 5 levator ani muscle; MN 5 mesonephros; MSA 5 median sacral artery; NC 5 notochord; PCV 5 posterior cardinal vein; S1-5 5 the first-fifth sacral vertebrae or spinal segments; SGL 5 sympathetic nerve ganglia; SMA 5 smooth muscle actin; SNT 5 secondary neural tube; TH 5 tyrosine hydroxylase.

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Morphology of plantar interdigital neuroma: a comparative cadaveric study of elderly Finnish and Japanese individuals

Cited by 5 publications

References 8 publications

Ultrasonographic features of traumatic neuromas in breast cancer patients after mastectomy

Ultrasonographic features of traumatic neuromas in breast cancer patients after mastectomy

Coccygeal body revisited: An immunohistochemical study using donated elderly cadavers

Median Sacral Artery, Sympathetic Nerves, and the Coccygeal Body: A Study Using Serial Sections of Human Embryos and Fetuses

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