Morphology of<i>Elimia livescens</i>(Mollusca: Pleuroceridae) in Indiana, U.S.A. Covaries with Environmental Variation

Dunithan, Ashley; Jacquemin, Stephen J.; Pyron, Mark

doi:10.4003/006.030.0110

Cited by 20 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…Wider shells have the potential for larger apertures, giving the snails larger pedal areas for adhering to the substrate (MCMaHon 2003(MCMaHon , etteR 2007. Narrower shells occurred upstream in lower flow reaches, consistent with results seen in riverine (dunitHan et al 2012) and lacustrine (Cazenave & zanatta 2016) snail species. Narrow shells allow snails to retract farther inwards (edGell & MiyasHita 2009) in an effort to avoid aperture-entry predators such as crayfish, and may be hydrodynamically favoured in middle and upper river reaches.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Correlates of snail shell variation along a unidirectional freshwater gradient in Lithasia geniculata (Haldeman, 1840) (Caenogastropoda: Pleuroceridae) from the Duck River, Tennessee, USA

et al. 2018

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Phenotypic plasticity in snail shells is a well-documented phenomenon, specifically in freshwater species. In riverine taxa, shells respond to the unidirectional gradient of flow and depth as well as to predation by crushing predators. Using populations of Lithasia geniculata from the Duck River, Tennessee, USA, we examined environmental correlates of shell shape change and resistance to crushing along a riverine gradient. Shells were more globose, more robust, and more resistant to crushing forces downstream relative to upstream; these characteristics were correlated with river discharge and presence of molluscivorous fish. Size, however, did not have effects on shape nor crushing strength. These data are consistent with those observed in other snail species, and expand on our knowledge of potential fitness benefits and causes of plasticity in freshwater snail shells.

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 84%

Correlates of snail shell variation along a unidirectional freshwater gradient in Lithasia geniculata (Haldeman, 1840) (Caenogastropoda: Pleuroceridae) from the Duck River, Tennessee, USA

et al. 2018

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“…Fine‐scale population genetics, coupled with morphological analyses, could also recover a better understanding of intraspecific shell shape variation displayed by many pleurocerid species. A common theme of many studies examining conchological variation within pleurocerid species is the hypothesis that shell shape variation is only, or primarily, the result of ecophenotypic plasticity (Dillon, ; Dillon, Jacquemin, & Pryon, ; Dunithan, Jacquemin, & Pyron, ; Minton, Lewis, Netherland, & Hayes, ; Minton, Norwood, & Hayes, , but see Whelan, Johnson, & Harris, ). This hypothesis states that intraspecific shell variation is not heritable and is instead the result of stream size (Dillon, ), or possibly other environmental factors.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riverscape genetic variation, migration patterns, and morphological variation of the threatened Round Rocksnail, Leptoxis ampla

et al. 2019

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Within riverine systems, headwater populations are hypothesized to harbour higher amounts of genetic distinctiveness than populations in the main stem of a river and display increased genetic diversity in large, downstream habitats. However, these hypotheses were mostly developed with insects and fish, and they have not been tested on many invertebrate lineages. Pleuroceridae gastropods are of particular ecological importance to rivers of eastern North America, sometimes comprising over 90% of macroinvertebrate biomass. Yet, virtually nothing is known of pleurocerid landscape genetics, including whether genetic diversity follows predictions made by hypotheses developed on more mobile species. Moreover, the commonly repeated hypothesis that intraspecific morphological variation in gastropods results from ecophenotypic plasticity has not been well tested on pleurocerids. Using 2bRAD‐seq to discover single nucleotide polymorphisms, we show that the threatened, Cahaba River endemic pleurocerid, Leptoxis ampla, has limited gene flow among populations and that migration is downstream‐biased, conflicting with previous hypotheses. Both tributary and main stem populations harbour unique genomic profiles, and genetic diversity was highest in downstream populations. Furthermore, L. ampla shell morphology was more correlated with genetic differences among individuals and populations than habitat characteristics. We anticipate similar genetic and demographic patterns to be seen in other pleurocerids, and hypotheses about gene flow and population demographics that were based on more mobile taxa often, but not always, apply to freshwater gastropods. From a conservation standpoint, genetic structure of L. ampla populations suggests distinctive genetic diversity is lost with localized extirpation, a phenomenon common across the range of Pleuroceridae.

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“…The older field observations and more recent experimental results can be combined with the morphometric survey of Dunithan et al (2012) to yield an overall model for shell form in P. semicarinata across this broad range. Waters in the south, below the glacial maximum, are more lotic in their character, with a well-defined gradient of current, substrate, and predator community from headwaters to the big rivers.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This division of the state corresponds roughly to the glacial maximum; P. livescens inhabiting the more lentic environments of the north and P. semicarinata the more lotic south. Dunithan et al (2012) sampled 39 populations of Pleurocera from Indiana and selected 191 shells varying imperceptibly from those bearing high spires and small body whorls to those with low spires and broad body whorls. The relative warp axis describing most of this variation was significantly correlated with ten environmental variables (of 17 tested), most strongly latitude, longitude, temperature, flow, conductivity, and substrate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cryptic phenotypic plasticity in populations of the North American freshwater gastropod, Pleurocera semicarinata

Dillon

2014

Zool. Stud.

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Background: Phenotypic plasticity is termed 'cryptic' when it becomes so extreme as to prompt an (erroneous) hypothesis of speciation. Populations of pleurocerid snails nominally identified as Pleurocera ('Goniobasis' or 'Elimia') livescens are common elements of the macrobenthos in rivers and on lakeshores from Vermont through northern Ohio and northern Indiana to Wisconsin, USA. Small streams in southern Ohio, southern Indiana, and Kentucky are inhabited by Pleurocera semicarinata, and larger rivers by Lithasia obovata. The three nominal species differ only in qualitative aspects of shell morphology -P. semicarinata demonstrating a slender shell with a small body whorl, L. obovata a robust shell with a large body whorl, and P. livescens intermediate.

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Morphology ofElimia livescens(Mollusca: Pleuroceridae) in Indiana, U.S.A. Covaries with Environmental Variation

Cited by 20 publications

References 30 publications

Correlates of snail shell variation along a unidirectional freshwater gradient in Lithasia geniculata (Haldeman, 1840) (Caenogastropoda: Pleuroceridae) from the Duck River, Tennessee, USA

Correlates of snail shell variation along a unidirectional freshwater gradient in Lithasia geniculata (Haldeman, 1840) (Caenogastropoda: Pleuroceridae) from the Duck River, Tennessee, USA

Riverscape genetic variation, migration patterns, and morphological variation of the threatened Round Rocksnail, Leptoxis ampla

Cryptic phenotypic plasticity in populations of the North American freshwater gastropod, Pleurocera semicarinata

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