Morphology of experimental pneumoconiosis following inhalation of lunar soil

Batsura, Yu. D.; Kruglikov, Gabriel; Arutyunov, V. D.

doi:10.1007/bf00829564

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…On longer missions to the moon or Mars, prolonged exposure could increase the risk of respiratory diseases in the astronauts, and mechanical failures of spacesuits and airlocks. Studies on rats have found that intratracheal administration of small amounts of lunar material resulted in pneumoconiosis with fibrosis formation [78] (lung disease and abnormal tissue growth). [84].…”

Section: Dust Storms and Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: Sources and toxicity

2007

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This review is presented as a common foundation for scientists interested in nanoparticles, their origin, activity, and biological toxicity. It is written with the goal of rationalizing and informing public health concerns related to this sometimes-strange new science of 'nano', while raising awareness of nanomaterials' toxicity among scientists and manufacturers handling them. We show that humans have always been exposed to tiny particles via dust storms, volcanic ash, and other natural processes, and that our bodily systems are well adapted to protect us from these potentially harmful intruders. The reticuloendothelial system in particular actively neutralizes and eliminates foreign matter in the body, including viruses and non-biological particles. Particles originating from human activities have existed for millennia, e.g. smoke from combustion and lint from garments, but the recent development of industry and combustion-based engine transportation has profoundly increased anthropogenic particulate pollution. Significantly, technological advancement has also changed the character of particulate pollution, increasing the proportion of nanometer-sized particles -"nanoparticles" and expanding the variety of chemical compositions. Recent epidemiological studies have shown a strong correlation between particulate air pollution levels, respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, various cancers, and mortality. Adverse effects of nanoparticles on human health depend on individual factors such as genetics and existing disease, as well as exposure, and nanoparticle chemistry, size, shape, agglomeration state, and electromagnetic properties. Animal and human studies show that inhaled nanoparticles are less efficiently removed than larger particles by the macrophage clearance mechanisms in the lung, causing lung damage, and that nanoparticles can translocate through the circulatory, lymphatic, and nervous systems to many tissues and organs, including the brain. The key to understanding the toxicity of nanoparticles is that their minute size, smaller than cells and cellular organelles, allows them to penetrate these basic biological structures, disrupting their normal function. Examples of toxic effects include tissue inflammation, and altered cellular redox balance toward oxidation, causing abnormal function or cell death. The manipulation of matter at the scale of atoms, "nanotechnology", is creating many new materials with characteristics not always easily predicted from current knowledge. Within the near-limitless diversity of these materials, some happen to be toxic to biological systems, others are relatively benign, while others confer health benefits. Some of these materials have desirable characteristics for industrial applications, as nanostructured materials often exhibit beneficial properties, from UV absorbance in sunscreen to oil-less lubrication of motors. A rational science-based approach is needed to minimize harm caused by these materials, while supporting continued study and appropriate industrial develop...

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Section: Dust Storms and Health Effectsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: Sources and toxicity

2007

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“…They have been known to cause irritation in the lungs and eyes of Apollo astronauts by becoming airborne [ 61 ]. Studies have found that through the intratracheal route, lunar materials lead to pneumoconiosis and fibrosis formation in rats [ 62 ]. Dust particles on Mars can damage the solar panels of the exploration robots via accumulation and affects the power source for sensing, communication, and locomotion [ 63 ].…”

Section: Reviewmentioning

confidence: 99%

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

Jeevanandam¹,

Barhoum²,

Chan³

et al. 2018

Beilstein J. Nanotechnol.

2,592

1,135

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Nanomaterials (NMs) have gained prominence in technological advancements due to their tunable physical, chemical and biological properties with enhanced performance over their bulk counterparts. NMs are categorized depending on their size, composition, shape, and origin. The ability to predict the unique properties of NMs increases the value of each classification. Due to increased growth of production of NMs and their industrial applications, issues relating to toxicity are inevitable. The aim of this review is to compare synthetic (engineered) and naturally occurring nanoparticles (NPs) and nanostructured materials (NSMs) to identify their nanoscale properties and to define the specific knowledge gaps related to the risk assessment of NPs and NSMs in the environment. The review presents an overview of the history and classifications of NMs and gives an overview of the various sources of NPs and NSMs, from natural to synthetic, and their toxic effects towards mammalian cells and tissue. Additionally, the types of toxic reactions associated with NPs and NSMs and the regulations implemented by different countries to reduce the associated risks are also discussed.

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Nanomaterials and Human Health

Tekmen

Öksüz

2021

Environmental Chemistry for a Sustainable World

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Morphology of experimental pneumoconiosis following inhalation of lunar soil

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: Sources and toxicity

Nanomaterials and nanoparticles: Sources and toxicity

Review on nanoparticles and nanostructured materials: history, sources, toxicity and regulations

Nanomaterials and Human Health

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