Morphology of Cytomegalovirus (Salivary Gland Virus)

Smith, Kendall O.; Rasmussen, Lucy

doi:10.1128/jb.85.6.1319-1325.1963

Cited by 45 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…With the availability of new knowledge for cultivating the virus and for its ready quantitative assay (14), tests were 'Present address: Institute of Sera and Vaccines, Prague, Czechoslovakia. carried out on the correlation between physical virus particles and plaque-forming units (PFU) with two strains of cytomegalovirus. The results reported here indicate that preparations of cytomegalovirus, in which the ratio between virus particles and infectious units is much lower than previously reported (13), can readily be obtained.…”

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confidence: 55%

“…An unusually high ratio between virus particle counts, as measured under the electron microscope, and infectivity titers, as measured by 50% end point titrations in tissue culture tubes, was reported by Smith and Rasmussen (13) for human cytomegalovirus, a member of the herpesvirus group. It was found by these authors that 1 infectious unit (TCD5o) corresponded to 106 to 108 particles.…”

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confidence: 69%

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Correlation Between Infectivity and Physical Virus Particles in Human Cytomegalovirus

et al. 1966

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Infectivity titers [measured as plaque-forming units (PFU)] and particle counts by the sedimentation pseudoreplication technique were determined for crude, unpurified, intracellular preparations of two different strains of human cytomegalovirus. Unlike the high particleinfectivity ratio of 106 to 108 previously reported for these viruses, the number of total particles per PFU ranged from 160 to 490 with strain AD-169 and from 176 to 1,050 for strain C-87. Interpretation of particle-PFU ratios of intracellular cytomegalovirus in terms of particle morphology is not conclusive at this time. The number of enveloped forms found varied between 0 and 34% of the total particles counted. However, the true proportion is probably greater, because envelopes were found to be destroyed by the enzyme treatment used in preparing the specimens for examination in the electron microscope. The number of full particles found ranged between 4 and 31% of the total particles counted. The particle per PFU ratio of extracellular virus was found to be threeto fivefold lower than that of intracellular virus.

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Correlation Between Infectivity and Physical Virus Particles in Human Cytomegalovirus

et al. 1966

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“…This does not necessarily militate against a direct viral mechanism, however, but CMV, in vitro at least, is known to produce predominantly "incomplete" or non-infective particles. 27 One might therefore postulate that the mechanism of hemolysis involves the attachment of such viral particles to erythrocytes, a process for which experimental models, e.g., influenza virus, exist. The particles, released into the circulation from sites of active infection in the RE system, would sensitize the cells to which they are attached, and which are then rapidly destroyed by RE cells or, in extreme cases, within the circulation.…”

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confidence: 99%

The Emily Cooley Lecture. Etiology and Pathogenesis of Acquired Hemolytic Anemia

et al. 1966

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The demonstration of recurrent lymphadenitis attributable to CMV during periods of hemolysis in a patient with chronic acquired hemolytic anemia of autoimmune type, led to the investigation of the possible etiologic relationship between this virus and acquired hemolytic anemia. In children a frequent association was demonstrated. Previously unrecognized clinical manifestations attributable to CMV were frequently observed. In this age group lymphadenopathy was a prominent finding in the majority of the cases and appeared to correspond to periods of rapid virus multiplication. It was noted that the predominant cellular lesion was not the well known pathognomonic large inclusion‐bearing cell which is a comparatively rare end state in the cellular response to the virus but less fully developed cellular lesions representing early and intermediate states. Recognition of these lesions permitted a rough appraisal of the extent of viral activity and showed that the latter generally correlated well with the hemolytic process. A basis for active infection by an ordinarily occult virus was sought and frequently found in an apparent impairment of the normal immune mechanism expressed clinically by extreme susceptibility to intercurrent infections and frequently associated with organic defects conducive to such a state. In young infants age‐determined susceptibility alone seemed to explain the lack of resistance to the occult viral agent. The findings led to the following interrelated hypotheses: 1. The presence of CMV in AHA is not fortuitous or coincidental but reflects a (not necessarily exclusive) etiologic relationship. 2. Acute, intermittent, or chronic hemolysis in AHA is related to primary or reactivated latent infection with CMV or other occult viruses in individuals susceptible by virtue of physiologically or pathologically impaired immunity, the cause of which is apparent in symptomatic forms but not as yet in the idiopathic type. 3. The pathogenesis of AHA involves viremia or the presence of noninfective viral particles or products in the circulation. Infection within the RE system as opposed to sites less accessible to the circulation, such as epithelium, permits their discharge into the blood stream and determines hemolysis. 4. The demonstration of the same agent in autoimmune and non‐autoantibody AHA suggests a unified concept of pathogenesis in which erythrocyte autoantibodies represent a variable secondary response to heterogenetic stimuli of viral origin. 5. In the light of this theory the role of autoantibodies in autoimmune AHA is likely to be at most contributory, as also indicated by the frequent dissociation of hemolysis and antiglobulin reaction, and earlier data bearing on this question need to be reevaluated.

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“…Cytomegaloviruses (CMV) are distinct, usually species specific, herpesviruses (23). In vitro replication of human CMV is characterized by an extremely long eclipse period of 55 h (15), a high particle to infectivity ratio (18), and a dependence on human fibroblasts for replication (19). The reason for the inability of human CMV to initiate an efficient and rapid infection is unknown.…”

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Cytomegalovirus Replication in Cells Pretreated with 5-Iodo-2′-Deoxyuridine

Jeor

Rapp

1973

J Virol

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The replication of human cytomegalovirus (CMV) in cells pretreated with 5-iodo-2'-deoxyuridine (IUdR) was studied. Pretreatment of cells with IUdR enhanced several parameters of virus replication. Virus grown in drug-treated cells exhibited a shorter eclipse period and the cells produced more infectious virus sooner than did untreated cells. There was an approximate fivefold increase in virus yield per cell in the drug-treated samples when compared to control cultures. The time required for plaque development was shortened by 6 days in drug-treated cultures. Pretreatment of cells with IUdR also increased plaquing efficiency of the virus by approximately 10-fold. The enhancement of virus replication by IUdR was further demonstrated by varying the multiplicity of infection. In a 7-day period there was a 100-fold increase in sensitivity of the cultures for virus detection when the cells had been previously exposed to IUdR. The data presented indicate the possibility that IUdR interferes with the production of a cellular product inhibitory for CMV replication.

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Morphology of Cytomegalovirus (Salivary Gland Virus)

Cited by 45 publications

References 8 publications

Correlation Between Infectivity and Physical Virus Particles in Human Cytomegalovirus

Correlation Between Infectivity and Physical Virus Particles in Human Cytomegalovirus

The Emily Cooley Lecture. Etiology and Pathogenesis of Acquired Hemolytic Anemia

Cytomegalovirus Replication in Cells Pretreated with 5-Iodo-2′-Deoxyuridine

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