Morphology, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of S32101 Duplex Stainless-Steel Joints in K-TIG Welding

Cui, Shuwan; Yu, Yunhe; Tian, Fuyuan; Pang, Shuwen

doi:10.3390/ma15155432

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…High proportion of LAGBs also has a positive influence on the corrosion resistance of duplex steel [ 23 ]. In turn, the tests in [ 24 ] show that not only fine grain, but also the grain boundary orientation has a characteristic influence on the impact energy of the welded joint of the duplex steel. The increase in percentage of austenite ∑3 coincidence site lattice increases the grain boundary impact energy of the welded joint [ 24 ].…”

Section: Research Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In turn, the tests in [ 24 ] show that not only fine grain, but also the grain boundary orientation has a characteristic influence on the impact energy of the welded joint of the duplex steel. The increase in percentage of austenite ∑3 coincidence site lattice increases the grain boundary impact energy of the welded joint [ 24 ]. On the other hand, the decrease in impact energy in the duplex steel welded joint area can be related to precipitates at the grain boundaries and/or inadequate transformation of ferrite phase into austenite phase in rapid air cooling from elevated temperatures after welding process [ 21 ].…”

Section: Research Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Austenite—Ferrite Duplex Stainless Steel Hybrid (Laser + GMAW) and SAW Welded Joint

et al. 2023

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The purpose of the research was to develop a technology for producing thick-walled duplex steel welded joints. The material used in the research was X2CrNiMoN22 duplex steel in the form of a 15 mm thick plate. The welded joint was produced by the modern, high-performance Hybrid Laser Arc Welding (HLAW) method. The HLAW method involves welding a joint using a laser, the Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW) method and the Submerged Arc Welding (SAW) method. The HLAW method was used to make the root pass of the double butt welded joint, while the filler passes were made by the SAW method. The obtained welded joint was subjected to non-destructive and destructive testing. The non-destructive and macroscopic tests allowed the joint to be classified to the quality level B. Microscopic examinations revealed the presence of ferritic–austenitic microstructure in the base material and the weld, with different ferrite content in specific joint areas. The analysed joint had high strength properties (tensile strength (TS) ~ 790 ± 7 MPa) and high ductility of weld metal (~160 ± 4 J) heat-affected zone (~216 ± 26 J), and plasticity (bending angle of 180° with no macrocracks). At the same time, hardness on the cross-section of the welded joint did not exceed 280 HV10.

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Section: Research Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Research Results and Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Austenite—Ferrite Duplex Stainless Steel Hybrid (Laser + GMAW) and SAW Welded Joint

et al. 2023

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“…As a welding method with high energy input, K-TIG welding plays a crucial role in the field of medium-thick plate welding. Medium-thick material plates, like titanium alloy, duplex stainless steel, and low carbon steel, can perform a single-sided weld and a double-sided form in a single pass without opening grooves [1][2][3]. It is often combined with robots for automatic welding in practical industrial production, but it is still difficult to achieve precise real-time regulation during the complex welding process.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Real-Time Recognition of Molten Pools Based on Improved DeepLabV3+ in Keyhole Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Applications

Yang,

Dai,

Cui

et al. 2024

Electronics

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During the Keyhole Tungsten Inert Gas (K-TIG) welding process, a significant amount of information related to the weld quality can be obtained from the weld pool and the keyhole of the topside molten pool image, which provides a vital basis for the control of welding quality. However, the topside molten pool image has the unstable characteristic of strong arc light, which leads to difficulty in contour extraction. The existing image segmentation algorithms cannot satisfy the requirements for accuracy, timing, and robustness. Aiming at these problems, a real-time recognition method, based on improved DeepLabV3+, for identifying the molten pool more accurately and effectively was proposed in this paper. First, MobileNetV2 was selected as the feature extraction network with which to improve detection efficiency. Then, the atrous rates of atrous convolution layers were optimized to reduce the receptive field and balance the sensitivity of the model to molten pools of different scales. Finally, the convolutional block attention module (CBAM) was introduced to improve the segmentation accuracy of the model. The experimental results verified that the proposed model had a fast segmentation speed and higher segmentation accuracy, with an average intersection ratio of 89.89% and an inference speed of 103 frames per second. Furthermore, the trained model was deployed in a real-time system and achieved a real-time performance of up to 28 frames per second, thus meeting the real-time and accuracy requirements of the K-TIG molten pool monitoring system.

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“…Changing the filler metal composition (Ti, Mn, C, P, S) was used to solve these problems [4][5][6]. But filler metal tended to reduce the CTE of weld [7]. In particular, the joining of middle-thick Invar36 alloy (4.5-25 mm) is mainly multi-pass welding prepared with U/V-type groove, which shows some drawbacks such as high amount usage of filler metal, large heat input and low welding efficiency.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Previous investigations showed the prospect of K-TIG welding of middle-thick plates. It is worth noting that K-TIG welding is suitable for the welding of materials with high surface tension and low thermal conductivity, which is the characteristic of Invar36 alloy [7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Invar36 alloy joints using keyhole TIG welding

Yang

Liu

et al. 2020

Science and Technology of Welding and Joining

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Single-pass keyhole TIG welding (K-TIG) was used to weld 10-mm-thick Invar36 alloy plates without filler metal and groove preparation. The effects of joint gap, welding current, welding speed and arc length on the weld appearance, microstructure and mechanical properties were investigated. No phase transformation occurred in the weld where only austenite (γ -(Fe, Ni)) was formed, while the grain structure changed significantly. The maximum tensile strength of K-TIG weld was 440.7 MPa reaching 99.9% of the base metal and the maximum elongation was 31.5%. The microhardness in the weld zone was slightly lower than that of the base metal. The results suggested that K-TIG welding was a very promising method for the joining of middle-thick Invar36 alloy plates.

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Morphology, Microstructure, and Mechanical Properties of S32101 Duplex Stainless-Steel Joints in K-TIG Welding

Cited by 6 publications

References 19 publications

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Austenite—Ferrite Duplex Stainless Steel Hybrid (Laser + GMAW) and SAW Welded Joint

Mechanical Properties and Microstructure of Austenite—Ferrite Duplex Stainless Steel Hybrid (Laser + GMAW) and SAW Welded Joint

Real-Time Recognition of Molten Pools Based on Improved DeepLabV3+ in Keyhole Tungsten Inert Gas Welding Applications

Microstructure and mechanical properties of Invar36 alloy joints using keyhole TIG welding

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