Morphology and Ultrastructure of the Salivary Glands of the SpittlebugLepyronia coleopterata(L.) (Hemiptera: Aphrophoridae)

Abstract

We investigated the salivary glands in Lepyronia coleopterata (L.), and found that the salivary glands are paired structures and consist of principal and accessory glands. Each principal gland contains an anterior lobe and a posterior lobe. Three types of acini (I, II, III) are observed in the anterior lobe, whereas the posterior lobe contains only one type of acini (IV). Rhabdus emerges from the middle portion of the acini III and IV. The oval-shaped accessory gland connects with the principal gland via a long duct. The long duct consists of a slightly coiled basal segment and a highly convoluted distal segment, with the terminal end of the latter constricted and connected with the accessory gland. A slightly convoluted transparent tube connects with the accessory gland at the former's distal end. The accessory gland, accessory salivary duct and the accessory salivary tube are observed for the first time in spittlebugs. Ultrastructurally, each type of acinus is made up of one type of secretory cells, but the rhabdus comprises two types of cells. Secretory granules in different type of cells are different in size, shape and electron density, which indicate either different materials are synthesized or these materials undergo a process of maturation. The rhabdus is empty in structure and contains several channels, with the lumen filled with abundant fine granular materials. Fine dark granules existed in the periphery of some secretory granules are probably virus particles. Microorganisms are observed in the cells of the acini I, III and rhabdus.

Identification and Expression Analysis of the Barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) Aquaporin Gene Family

“…HvTIP2;1, HvTIP2;3, HvNIP1;1, HvNIP1;2), suggesting this residue may be functionally important for water transport of TIPs and NIPs. In line with this suggestion, a recent study observed that HvNIP1;1, HvNIP1;2, HvNIP2;1 and HvNIP2;2 all of which possessed the Val residue in TM2 ( S2 Fig ), were water transporters [ 26 ].…”

“…Our annotations of HvNIP2;1 and HvNIP2;2 are based on the dates of registration as well as % identities to the other annotated barley sequences (listed in Table 1 ) and to the orthologs in rice [ 37 ], maize [ 7 ] and/or sorghum (SbNIP2;1 - EF373651; SbNIP2;2 - EF408053). Hence we suggest that AB540229 represents HvNIP2;2, and likewise, AB710142 (annotated as HvNIP2;2; 02-APR-2012, Shibasaka et al , direct submission; also see [ 26 ]) represents HvNIP2;1. These suggestions are open to further reports and/or Genbank updates.…”

“… a Potential substrate transported predicted using the signature sequences developed earlier [ 31 ]. The underlined substrates have been experimentally proven for the particular barley AQPs: 1 [ 48 ], 2 [ 50 ], 3 [ 49 ], 4 [ 51 ], 5 [ 40 ], 6 [ 26 ], 7 [ 13 ], 8 [ 21 ]. *Only the highest % identity score of each sequence is listed.…”

“…Based on these predictions, a number of PIP isoforms have the potential to transport boron, CO 2 and urea which are important for plant development (boron also being toxic in high concentrations), the TIPs share the urea and ammonia transport potential but not CO 2 , and transport of the signalling molecule H 2 O 2 seems restricted to TIPs ( Table 3 ). Some of these are experimentally proven substrates, e.g., boron for HvPIP1;3 and HvPIP1;4 [ 48 ] and HvNIP2;1 [ 49 ]; CO 2 for HvPIP2;1–2;3 and HvPIP2;5 [ 50 , 40 ]; arsenite for HvNIP1;2 [ 26 ], and silicon for HvNIP2;1 [ 51 ]. Many NIPs appear to have the potential to transport diverse substrates including the micronutrient silicon, but also the toxic arsenite.…”

Anatomy, Histology, and Ultrastructure of Salivary Glands of the Burrower Bug,Scaptocoris castanea(Hemiptera: Cydnidae)

“…In S. castanea , the principal salivary gland is bilobate and the accessory salivary gland is tubular as found in other Pentatomomorpha, suggesting that the anatomy of the salivary glands in this infraorder may be phylogenetically biased other than by feeding habits. The salivary glands in Hemiptera vary in shape, size, and number of lobes (Baptist, 1941; Lacombe, 1999; Kumar & Sahayaraj, 2012; Zhong et al, 2014). Within Cimicomorpha, Triatoma vitticeps Stal, 1859 (Reduviidae) has three types of principal salivary glands (Lacombe, 1999).…”