Morphology and terminology of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) male genitalia

Abstract

The external and internal male genitalia of 327 species of 11 tribes of the subfamily Scarabaeinae, including species of Deltochilini, Scarabaeini, Gymnopleurini, Ateuchini, and Coprini, among others, were examined. Descriptions of the variations in the genital segment, the aedeagus, the internal sac, and its sclerites and raspules are presented. An exhaustive comparison of structures, names, and terminology used in literature for Scarabaeinae male genitalia are discussed. The internal sac of the aedeagus is divided in areas for an easer comparison of its internal structures; basal, submedial, medial, and apical areas are described in detail and compared. The variation of apical and medial sclerites, as well as the raspules of the submedial area, are described and compared in detail among all the taxa studied.Key words: Scarabaeinae, male genitalia, aedeagus, internal sac, sclerites ResumenSe examinó la genitalia externa e interna de machos de 327 especies de 11 tribus de la subfamilia Scarabaeinae incluyendo especies de Deltochilini, Scarabaeini, Gymnopleurini, Ateuchini, y Coprini, entre otras. Descripciones de la variación del segmento genital, el edeago, el saco interno, sus escleritos y raspulas, son presentadas. Una comparación exhaustiva de las estructuras del órgano genital masculino de los Scarabaeinae, sus nombres y terminologia usada en la literatura es expuesta. El saco interno es dividido en áreas para facilitar la comparación de sus estructuras; se describen y comparan detalladamente el área basal, submedial, medial y apical. La variación de los escleritos apicales y mediales, así como las raspulas del area submedial son descritas y comparadas en detalle entre todos los taxones estudiados.

Assessing the taxonomic status ofOsmoderma cristinae(Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae), endemic to Sicily, by genetic, morphological and pheromonal analyses

“…Male genitalia were extracted and described following the terminology of Medina et al (2013) andD'Hotman andScholtz (1990). Dry specimens from collections (n = 12, Table 1) were put into a plastic box containing a layer of cotton soaked in a mixture of ethyl acetate and distilled water for 2 days to soften their articulations and membranes.…”

A new synonymy in the fidius group of Copris Müller 1764 (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) and a new species from the highland grasslands of South Africa

“…Measurements were made using the program Analyzing Digital Images by John Pickle (Concord Academy; formerly, Museum of Science, Boston). Terminology for the male genitalia follows Medina et al (2013). …”

Two new species and one new record for the genus Copris (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae: Scarabaeinae) from Vietnam with a key to Vietnamese species

“…The extracted aedeagus was cleaned and softened in 5% KOH at 65°C for one hour before being placed in glycerin and photographed using a digital microscope (Medina et al, 2013).…”