Morphology and tensile properties of thermoplastic polyurethane-halloysite nanotube nanocomposites

Gaaz, Tayser Sumer; Sulong, Abu Bakar; Akhtar, Majid Niaz; Raza, Muhammad Qamar

doi:10.15282/ijame.12.2015.4.0239

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 31 publications

(32 reference statements)

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“…We characterized HNTs for size and particle size distribution using the NTA technique and primary size and morphology using SEM [23]. Our findings are in accordance with those of Gaaz et al [24], we confirmed tubular morphology of HNTs with particles length and diameter circa above 1000 nm and 100 nm, respectively (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The in vitro toxicity evaluation of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) in human lung cells

et al. 2020

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Halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) have been increasingly used in many industrial and biomedical fields. Therefore, the assessment of risk and consequences of exposure to HNTs is very important to better protect human safety. This study aims to investigate the short- (24 or 72 h) and long-term (7 days) cytotoxic effects of HNTs at doses 10–200 µg/mL on human alveolar carcinoma epithelial cells (A549) and human bronchial epithelial cells (BEAS-2B). The effect of HNTs on cell viability, apoptosis, cell proliferation, oxidative/antioxidative status and cell morphology was evaluated. Our results showed that cytotoxicity of HNTs is dependent on dose, cell model and time of exposure. During the time of exposition toxic effects were intensified. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study to use holo-tomographic microscopy (HTM) to visualise changes in cell morphology due to exposure from HNTs. We observed cells contraction, changes in the size and shape, cell surface folding and cytoplasmic vacuolization, peripheral arrangement of cell nuclei and even increase number of nucleus, which undoubtedly confirmed cytotoxic effect of HNTs at low doses (5 µg/mL and 25 µg/mL). Our results demonstrated that HTM technique provides a new insight into the assessment of HNTs toxicity. Further studies with different cell models are recommended to assess the toxic effect of HNTs on whole human body.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

The in vitro toxicity evaluation of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) in human lung cells

et al. 2020

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“…Natural fibre has unique characteristics and many outstanding advantages over synthetic fibre, which make it an attractive alternative to traditional materials [1,2]. Natural fibres such as hemp, flax, abaca, sisal, jute, henequen, kenaf, ramie, sugar palm, oil palm, pineapple leaf, banana pseudo-stem, sugarcane bagasse, coir, rice husk, wood, bamboo, chicken feathers, wool, silk and cotton have been reported as being used as fibre in polymer composites [3][4][5][6][7][8][9]. Natural fibrereinforced plastics are gaining more attention from researchers and industry due to their cost-effectiveness, lighter weight, lower abrasion of equipment and renewability, among the several benefits of natural fibre composites [10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Natural fibrereinforced plastics are gaining more attention from researchers and industry due to their cost-effectiveness, lighter weight, lower abrasion of equipment and renewability, among the several benefits of natural fibre composites [10][11][12]. For these reasons, in construction and the furniture, automotive and packaging industries, materials like sugar palm fibre are now used [7,[13][14][15][16]. Sugar palm fibre (SPF) is a potential source of natural fibre from Arenga pinnata, a member of the Palmae family.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of sodium hydroxide on the tensile properties of sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites

Mohammed¹,

Bachtiar²,

Siregar³

et al. 2016

J. Mech, Eng, Sci.

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Global warming, environmental changes, and other problems have been increasing in the last decade. Researchers and scholars want to safeguard life on the earth by making ecofriendly products, like natural composite materials. Natural fibre is environmentally valuable because of its biodegradable nature. However, there is a serious problem caused by the incompatibility between fibre and matrix. In this work, sugar palm fibre was combined with thermoplastic polyurethane composites after treatment with different concentrations of sodium hydroxide from 2 to 6% to enhance the compatibility between them. An extrusion machine was used to combine 30% by weight of the sugar palm fibre and 70% by weight of thermoplastic polyurethane composites. The temperature, rotation velocity, and fibre size were fixed at (180-190-200°C), 40 rpm and 250 µm respectively. The composite was characterized according to ASTM D638. The sodium hydroxide treatment of the fibre could provide a good tensile modulus of 440 MPa at 2% of NaOH, and strain of 41.6% at 6% NaOH of the composite. However, the tensile strength was decreased, where the highest amount of 5.49 MPa recorded at 6% NaOH. Meanwhile, the tensile modulus and strain of the composites are found to be much better than those of untreated ones. In contrast, the tensile strength was still not improved.

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“…Regarding the nanomaterials, the antibacterial polyurethane activity of composite nanofibers has been assessed in food-borne pathogenic bacteria and staphylococcus aureus, using various techniques [17]. The focus is on the formation of soft, long-chain diol segments, whereas the construction of the hard segment belongs to the microdomain of segmented PU copolymers [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigating Physio-Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane and Thermoplastics Nanocomposite in Various Applications

et al. 2021

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The effect of the soft and hard polyurethane (PU) segments caused by the hydrogen link in phase-separation kinetics was studied to investigate the morphological annealing of PU and thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU). The significance of the segmented PUs is to achieve enough stability for further applications in biomedical and environmental fields. In addition, other research focuses on widening the plastic features and adjusting the PU–polyimide ratio to create elastomer of the poly(urethane-imide). Regarding TPU- and PU-nanocomposite, numerous studies investigated the incorporation of inorganic nanofillers such as carbon or clay to incorporating TPU-nanocomposite in several applications. Additionally, the complete exfoliation was observed up to 5% and 3% of TPU–clay modified with 12 amino lauric acid and benzidine, respectively. PU-nanocomposite of 5 wt.% Cloisite®30B showed an increase in modulus and tensile strength by 110% and 160%, respectively. However, the nanocomposite PU-0.5 wt.% Carbone Nanotubes (CNTs) show an increase in the tensile modulus by 30% to 90% for blown and flat films, respectively. Coating PU influences stress-strain behavior because of the interaction between the soft segment and physical crosslinkers. The thermophysical properties of the TPU matrix have shown two glass transition temperatures (Tg’s) corresponding to the soft and the hard segment. Adding a small amount of tethered clay shifts Tg for both segments by 44 °C and 13 °C, respectively, while adding clay from 1 to 5 wt.% results in increasing the thermal stability of TPU composite from 12 to 34 °C, respectively. The differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) was used to investigate the phase structure of PU dispersion, showing an increase in thermal stability, solubility, and flexibility. Regarding the electrical properties, the maximum piezoresistivity (10 S/m) of 7.4 wt.% MWCNT was enhanced by 92.92%. The chemical structure of the PU–CNT composite has shown a degree of agglomeration under disruption of the sp2 carbon structure. However, with extended graphene loading to 5.7 wt.%, piezoresistivity could hit 10-1 S/m, less than 100 times that of PU. In addition to electrical properties, the acoustic behavior of MWCNT (0.35 wt.%)/SiO2 (0.2 wt.%)/PU has shown sound absorption of 80 dB compared to the PU foam sample. Other nanofillers, such as SiO2, TiO2, ZnO, Al2O3, were studied showing an improvement in the thermal stability of the polymer and enhancing scratch and abrasion resistance.

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Morphology and tensile properties of thermoplastic polyurethane-halloysite nanotube nanocomposites

Cited by 6 publications

References 31 publications

The in vitro toxicity evaluation of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) in human lung cells

The in vitro toxicity evaluation of halloysite nanotubes (HNTs) in human lung cells

Effect of sodium hydroxide on the tensile properties of sugar palm fibre reinforced thermoplastic polyurethane composites

Investigating Physio-Thermo-Mechanical Properties of Polyurethane and Thermoplastics Nanocomposite in Various Applications

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