Morphology and structure of CdCl2-Containing CdTe films deposited by discrete vacuum thermal evaporation

Gevorgyan, Vladimir; Mangasaryan, N.R.; Гременок, В. Ф.; Тиванов, М. С.; Thakur, Preeti; Thakur, Atul; Trukhanov, S. V.; Zubar, T.I.; Sayyed, M.I.; Тишкевич, Д.И.; Труханов, А.В.

doi:10.1016/j.vacuum.2023.112248

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…11 A variety of methods for cadmium chloride (CdCl 2 ) deposition have been used, including methanolic solution and direct vapor exposure. Preceding annealing in an air or oxygen environment, 12 the far more popular method is to apply a thin CdCl 2 13,14 coating to the back surface via thermal evaporation. CdCl 2 is common in CdTe device activation, 15 with a few significant outliers, like handling in the presence of freon gas, as Romeo et al observed.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Property enhancement of a close-spaced sublimated CdTe thin film by a post-growth activation step with CdCl₂ and MgCl₂

Sharmin,

Mahmood,

Sultana

et al. 2024

Mater. Adv.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Property enhancement of a close-spaced sublimated CdTe thin film by a post-growth activation step with CdCl₂ and MgCl₂

Sharmin,

Mahmood,

Sultana

et al. 2024

Mater. Adv.

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“…Specific research reports have observed that the incorporation of rare earth elements can result in modifications of the surface Materials 2023, 16, 6989 3 of 19 morphology and roughness in TiO 2 films [30]. These alterations can subsequently exert an influence on the structural, electrical, and optical properties of high-quality CdTe and TiO 2 films when employing magnetron sputtering deposition techniques [30,31]. The distinctive aspect of this study lies in the integration of Sm into the CoFe alloy and the comprehensive exploration of surface roughness.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Roughness-Induced Changes in Important Physical Features of CoFeSm Thin Films on Glass Substrates during Annealing

Fern,

Liu,

Chang

et al. 2023

Materials

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Co60Fe20Sm20 thin films were deposited onto glass substrates in a high vacuum setting. The films varied in thickness from 10 to 50 nm and underwent annealing processes at different temperatures: room temperature (RT), 100, 200, and 300 °C. Our analysis encompassed structural, magnetic, electrical, nanomechanical, adhesive, and optical properties in relation to film thickness and annealing temperature. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis did not reveal characteristic peaks in Co60Fe20Sm20 thin films due to insufficient growth-driving forces. Electrical measurements indicated reduced resistivity and sheet resistance with increasing film thickness and higher annealing temperatures, owing to hindered current-carrier transport resulting from the amorphous structure. Atomic force microscope (AFM) analysis showed a decrease in surface roughness with increased thickness and annealing temperature. The low-frequency alternating current magnetic susceptibility (χac) values increased with film thickness and annealing temperature. Nanoindentation analysis demonstrated reduced film hardness and Young’s modulus with thicker films. Contact angle measurements suggested a hydrophilic film. Surface energy increased with greater film thickness, particularly in annealed films, indicating a decrease in contact angle contributing to this increase. Transmittance measurements have revealed intensified absorption and reduced transmittance with thicker films. In summary, the surface roughness of CoFeSm films at different annealing temperatures significantly influenced their magnetic, electrical, adhesive, and optical properties. A smoother surface reduced the pinning effect on the domain walls, enhancing the χac value. Additionally, diminished surface roughness led to a lower contact angle and higher surface energy. Additionally, smoother surfaces exhibited higher carrier conductivity, resulting in reduced electrical resistance. The optical transparency decreased due to the smoother surface of Co60Fe20Sm20 films.

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“…Photovoltaic technology that uses solar energy is an environment-friendly and promising technology. In addition to crystalline silicon solar cells, thin-film materials such as CdTe [1], GaAs [2], and Cu(In,Ga)Se 2 (CIGS) [3] have been widely studied. In this study, we focus on metal oxide materials.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drop-Dry Deposition of SnO2 Using a Complexing Agent and Fabrication of Heterojunctions with Co3O4

Ichimura

2023

Materials

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The drop-dry deposition (DDD) is a simple chemical technique of thin film deposition, which can be applied to metal oxides. The deposition solution is an aqueous solution including a metal salt and an alkali. However, some metal ions react spontaneously with water and precipitate. This work is the first attempt to use complexing agents in DDD to suppress the precipitation. SnO2 thin films are fabricated using DDD with Na2S2O3 as a complexing agent and via annealing in air. The results of the Auger electron spectroscopy measurement show that the O/Sn composition ratio of the annealed films approached two, indicating that the annealed films are SnO2. The photoelectrochemical measurement results show that the annealed films are n-type. Co3O4/SnO2 heterojunction is fabricated using p-type Co3O4 films which are also deposited via DDD. The heterojunction has rectification and photovoltaic properties. Thus, for the first time, a metal oxide thin film was successfully prepared via DDD using a complexing agent, and oxide thin film solar cells are successfully prepared using only DDD.

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Morphology and structure of CdCl2-Containing CdTe films deposited by discrete vacuum thermal evaporation

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Property enhancement of a close-spaced sublimated CdTe thin film by a post-growth activation step with CdCl₂ and MgCl₂

Property enhancement of a close-spaced sublimated CdTe thin film by a post-growth activation step with CdCl₂ and MgCl₂

Surface Roughness-Induced Changes in Important Physical Features of CoFeSm Thin Films on Glass Substrates during Annealing

Drop-Dry Deposition of SnO2 Using a Complexing Agent and Fabrication of Heterojunctions with Co3O4

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Morphology and structure of CdCl2-Containing CdTe films deposited by discrete vacuum thermal evaporation

Cited by 7 publications

References 55 publications

Property enhancement of a close-spaced sublimated CdTe thin film by a post-growth activation step with CdCl2 and MgCl2

Property enhancement of a close-spaced sublimated CdTe thin film by a post-growth activation step with CdCl2 and MgCl2

Surface Roughness-Induced Changes in Important Physical Features of CoFeSm Thin Films on Glass Substrates during Annealing

Drop-Dry Deposition of SnO2 Using a Complexing Agent and Fabrication of Heterojunctions with Co3O4

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Product

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Property enhancement of a close-spaced sublimated CdTe thin film by a post-growth activation step with CdCl₂ and MgCl₂

Property enhancement of a close-spaced sublimated CdTe thin film by a post-growth activation step with CdCl₂ and MgCl₂