Morphology and properties of cellulose/silk fibroin blend fiber prepared with 1-butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride as solvent

Abstract

1-Butyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride ([BMIM]Cl) was selected as co-solvent to dissolve cellulose and silk fibroin and the cellulose/silk fibroin blend fibers were fabricated with dry-jet wet spinning technology. The phase morphology of cellulose and silk fibroin in the blend fibers was studied by scanning electron microcopy and laser scanning confocal microscope. It is shown that the cellulose is in the continuous phase and silk fibroin exists as ''fibril-like'' in cellulose, in which the radial dimension of silk fibroin phase is 0.5-1.0 lm. The phase size of silk fibroin along the fiber axis increased with the increase of silk fibroin content and draw ratio. From the wideangle X-ray scattering, it is found that the total crystallinity of the blend fibers decreased with increasing silk fibroin content. The hydrogen bond between cellulose and silk fibroin was observed from Fourier transform infrared spectra. Although the tensile strength and initial modulus of blend fibers decreased with increasing silk fibroin content, the tensile strength of blend fibers contain 35 wt% silk fibroin was up to 191 MPa.

Rheology of Cellulose/Alginic Acid Blends with 1‐Allyl‐3‐Methylimidazolium Chloride as Solvent

“…And these two peaks strengthened with the increase of calcium alginate content . For cellulose film, the broad peak at 3324 cm −1 is caused by the stretching vibration of hydroxy . This characteristic peak shifts to lower wavelength with the increasing content of calcium alginate in the blend films, this indicates that intra‐ and intermolecular hydrogen bonding existed between cellulose and alginate, which is agreed with the analysis of rheology data.…”

Proteins in Ionic Liquids: Reactions, Applications, and Futures

“…In 2004, Phillips et al (2004) published the first communication on the use of ionic liquids for silk dissolution, demonstrating [C 4 C 1 Im] and [C 2 C 1 Im]-based ionic liquids as effective solvents. Ionic liquids have since proven great utility in dissolving B. mori silk for a range of applications (Phillips et al, 2004, 2005; Gupta et al, 2007; Mantz et al, 2007; Goujon et al, 2012, 2013; Silva et al, 2012, 2013; Wang et al, 2012, 2013b; Zhou et al, 2013; Yao et al, 2014a,b, 2018; Li et al, 2015; Lozano-Pérez et al, 2015; Zhang et al, 2016a; Susanin et al, 2017, 2018; Stanton et al, 2018; Table 2). Successful dissolution has been achieved with a range of 1-methyl-3-alkylimidazolium ionic liquids, particularly when partnered with chloride or carboxylate anions.…”

“…The access to ionic liquid-soluble proteins, and other recalcitrant biomass, has naturally led to the production of composites in order to create materials with a great depth and breadth of physical and chemical properties (Mahmood et al, 2017). Popular have been combinations of protein and cellulosic derivatives (Xie et al, 2005; Hameed and Guo, 2009; Wu et al, 2009; Shang et al, 2011; Wang et al, 2013a, 2014; Yao et al, 2014a,b; Zhang et al, 2014; Kammiovirta et al, 2016; Tran and Mututuvari, 2016; Tran et al, 2016; Stanton et al, 2018), alongside other sugar polymers such as chitosan (Silva et al, 2012; Tran and Mututuvari, 2016), chitin (Park et al, 2006), and starch (Leroy et al, 2012). Both protein structuring and macrostructural morphology provide insight into the impact of ionic liquids in the formation of these materials.…”

A Concise Review on the Physicochemical Properties of Biopolymer Blends Prepared in Ionic Liquids

“…Cellulose was mainly exploited for the preparation of biopolymer blends in ionic liquids. Cellulose in the form of pulp [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 , 8 ], linter [ 9 , 10 ], microgranular [ 11 , 12 , 13 ], microcrystalline [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ], and fabric [ 29 ] were usually used as raw materials for preparing biopolymer blends. On top of that, other biopolymers such as agarose [ 30 ], alginate [ 31 , 32 ], chitin [ 10 , 17 , 26 , 27 , 31 , 33 ], chitosan [ 1 , 4 , 5 , 7 , 29 , 30 , 34 , 35 , 36 ], chondroitin sulfate [ 37 ], collagen [ 24 , 32 ], keratin [ 6 , 8 ...…”