Morphology and phylogeny of Gymnodinium trapeziforme sp. nov. (Dinophyceae): a new dinoflagellate from the southeast coast of Iran that forms microreticulate resting cysts

Attaran-Fariman, Gilan; Salas, Miguel F. de; Negri, Andrew P.; Bolch, Christopher J. S.

doi:10.2216/07-05.1

Cited by 29 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 34 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…BLAST analyses showed that C. geminatum rDNA sequences were most similar to the counterparts of the Gymnodinium sensu stricto (s. s.) clade. Furthermore, the 28 S sequence was almost identical (99%, differing by 10bp out of 0.85 kb) to that of C. geminatum isolated from Triabunna, on the East Coast of Tasmania, Australia [15], [29]. In contrast, the sequences obtained from the cultured C. polykrikoides were almost identical (99%) to those previously reported for C. polykrikoides , confirming correct species identification.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

“…This is despite the fact that within Gymnodinium s. s. clade, the shape of groove differs slightly between some lineages. For instance, in G. impudicum [35], G. trapeziforme [29], G. catenatum [36], G. aureolum [37], [38], G. microreticulatum [39], and Lepidodinium viride [40] the apical groove takes an anticlockwise horseshoe shape (Figure 6, Table S1). The apical groove of P. lebourae is an anticlockwise nearly closed loop (Figure 6, Table S1) [41].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Apical Groove Type and Molecular Phylogeny Suggests Reclassification of Cochlodinium geminatum as Polykrikos geminatum

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Traditionally Cocholodinium and Gymnodinium sensu lato clade are distinguished based on the cingulum turn number, which has been increasingly recognized to be inadequate for Gymnodiniales genus classification. This has been improved by the combination of the apical groove characteristics and molecular phylogeny, which has led to the erection of several new genera (Takayama, Akashiwo, Karenia, and Karlodinium). Taking the apical groove characteristics and molecular phylogeny combined approach, we reexamined the historically taxonomically uncertain species Cochlodinium geminatum that formed massive blooms in Pearl River Estuary, China, in recent years. Samples were collected from a bloom in 2011 for morphological, characteristic pigment, and molecular analyses. We found that the cingulum in this species wraps around the cell body about 1.2 turns on average but can appear under the light microscopy to be >1.5 turns after the cells have been preserved. The shape of its apical groove, however, was stably an open-ended anticlockwise loop of kidney bean shape, similar to that of Polykrikos. Furthermore, the molecular phylogenetic analysis using 18S rRNA-ITS-28S rRNA gene cistron we obtained in this study also consistently placed this species closest to Polykrikos within the Gymnodinium sensu stricto clade and set it far separated from the clade of Cochlodinium. These results suggest that this species should be transferred to Polykrikos as Polykrikos geminatum. Our results reiterate the need to use the combination of apical groove morphology and molecular phylogeny for the classification of species within the genus of Cochlodinium and other Gymnodiniales lineages.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Apical Groove Type and Molecular Phylogeny Suggests Reclassification of Cochlodinium geminatum as Polykrikos geminatum

et al. 2013

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Gymnodinium trapeziforme Attaran-Fariman & Bolch 2007 – Attaran-Fariman and Bolch described this species from the south coast of Iran [242]. Their 1000+ word, Latin and English description was based on observations of many cells and contained 20 images.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Taxonomic Significance of Species That Have Only Been Observed Once: The Genus Gymnodinium (Dinoflagellata) as an Example

2012

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Taxonomists have been tasked with cataloguing and quantifying the Earth’s biodiversity. Their progress is measured in code-compliant species descriptions that include text, images, type material and molecular sequences. It is from this material that other researchers are to identify individuals of the same species in future observations. It has been estimated that 13% to 22% (depending on taxonomic group) of described species have only ever been observed once. Species that have only been observed at the time and place of their original description are referred to as oncers. Oncers are important to our current understanding of biodiversity. They may be validly described species that are members of a rare biosphere, or they may indicate endemism, or that these species are limited to very constrained niches. Alternatively, they may reflect that taxonomic practices are too poor to allow the organism to be re-identified or that the descriptions are unknown to other researchers. If the latter are true, our current tally of species will not be an accurate indication of what we know. In order to investigate this phenomenon and its potential causes, we examined the microbial eukaryote genus Gymnodinium. This genus contains 268 extant species, 103 (38%) of which have not been observed since their original description. We report traits of the original descriptions and interpret them in respect to the status of the species. We conclude that the majority of oncers were poorly described and their identity is ambiguous. As a result, we argue that the genus Gymnodinium contains only 234 identifiable species. Species that have been observed multiple times tend to have longer descriptions, written in English. The styles of individual authors have a major effect, with a few authors describing a disproportionate number of oncers. The information about the taxonomy of Gymnodinium that is available via the internet is incomplete, and reliance on it will not give access to all necessary knowledge. Six new names are presented – Gymnodinium campbelli for the homonymous name Gymnodinium translucens Campbell 1973, Gymnodinium antarcticum for the homonymous name Gymnodinium frigidum Balech 1965, Gymnodinium manchuriensis for the homonymous name Gymnodinium autumnale Skvortzov 1968, Gymnodinium christenum for the homonymous name Gymnodinium irregulare Christen 1959, Gymnodinium conkufferi for the homonymous name Gymnodinium irregulare Conrad & Kufferath 1954 and Gymnodinium chinensis for the homonymous name Gymnodinium frigidum Skvortzov 1968.

show abstract

“…In the past decade, phylogenetic analyses of dinoflagellates based on LSU-rDNA have frequently been used to find the relationship among taxa (Daugbjerg et al, 2000;Attaran-Fariman et al, 2007). The large subunit of the gene inhabits both highly variable and conservative regions and can be useful for the study of phylogeny and evolution at different systematic levels (Hillis & Dixon, 1991).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The phylogeny of Heterocapsa sp. (Dinophyceae) isolated from the south coast of Iran during a Cochlodinium polykrikoides bloom

Fariman¹

2013

Turk J Bot

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The genus Heterocapsa Stein is a relatively small armoured dinoflagellate. Because it has few differences in morphological characteristics among its species, species identification is difficult. In this study, small Heterocapsa sp. cells associated with a dense bloom of Cochlodinium polykrikoides Margalef were collected from the south-east coast of Iran. While Heterocapsa sp. was isolated, C. polykrikoides could not be isolated by single cell or serial dilution methods. Thus, a unialgal strain of Heterocapsa sp. was used for molecular analysis and species identification. In order to carry out phylogenetic analysis, rDNA was extracted and large subunit domains of D1-D3 were sequenced. Similar sequences of other geographical strains were selected from GenBank and compared with the Iranian species. The Iranian strain was aligned with Heterocapsa spp. Phylogenetic analysis of maximum likelihood and neighborjoining demonstrated that Heterocapsa sp. does not form a monophyletic group. Morphological characteristics confirmed molecular results. This is the first record of Heterocapsa isolation from Iranian coastal waters.

show abstract

Morphology and phylogeny of Gymnodinium trapeziforme sp. nov. (Dinophyceae): a new dinoflagellate from the southeast coast of Iran that forms microreticulate resting cysts

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Apical Groove Type and Molecular Phylogeny Suggests Reclassification of Cochlodinium geminatum as Polykrikos geminatum

Apical Groove Type and Molecular Phylogeny Suggests Reclassification of Cochlodinium geminatum as Polykrikos geminatum

The Taxonomic Significance of Species That Have Only Been Observed Once: The Genus Gymnodinium (Dinoflagellata) as an Example

The phylogeny of Heterocapsa sp. (Dinophyceae) isolated from the south coast of Iran during a Cochlodinium polykrikoides bloom

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About