Morphology and phenology of Scabiosa columbaria from mown and grazed habitats – Results of a simulation experiment

Reisch, Christoph

doi:10.1016/j.flora.2011.05.005

Cited by 14 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(45 reference statements)

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“…). They also influence the microclimate (Shao et al, ) and associated plant traits, such as plant height and specific leaf area (Reisch & Poschlod, ), which in turn will affect plant reproductive phenology (Benot et al, ). More importantly, increases in mowing intensity not only have profound consequences for grassland ecosystems (Shao, Chen, & Li, ) but can also increase the sensitivity of grassland ecosystems to climate change (Chen, John, Shao, et al, ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint forcing by heat waves and mowing poses a threat to grassland ecosystems: Evidence from a manipulative experiment

Dong

Boeck

et al. 2019

Land Degrad Dev

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The frequency and intensity of heat waves (HWs) have increased in recent years, but it remains unclear how grassland ecosystems respond to such extreme weather. A 3‐year manipulative field experiment was conducted to simulate HWs under different mowing intensities in a Stipa krylovii steppe on the Mongolian Plateau to examine their effects on plant morphology, phenology, and community. At the species level, the morphology and phenology of the three main herb species (S. krylovii, Melilotoides ruthenica, and Potentilla tanacetifolia) showed species‐specific responses to the HW and mowing treatments. The major dominant species S. krylovii shed ~50% of the tiller outer layer to protect the internal tiller from HW stress thereby directly decreasing the heat load and water loss from green plant tissue and indirectly increasing the litter biomass. HWs also caused increases of community index (richness, diversity, and evenness) but also associated with a 30% decrease in the importance value of S. krylovii, whereas mowing enhanced this value by 27%. When HWs were combined with mowing, the joint forcing of mechanical damage and low carbon accumulation aggravated negative effects of stress on plant health and growth, which further decreased community index. We constructed a framework to fully describe the effects of HWs and mowing and their interrelationship on different ecological levels and explain how short‐term effects, such as extreme climate, produce long‐term effects on ecosystems. In conclusion, we found that synergisms between climate extremes (HWs) and human activities (mowing) can reduce ecosystem stability posing a threat to the grasslands.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint forcing by heat waves and mowing poses a threat to grassland ecosystems: Evidence from a manipulative experiment

Dong

Boeck

et al. 2019

Land Degrad Dev

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“…Carman & Briske ), studied only one species (e.g. Reisch & Poschlod ), or, very often, combinations thereof. We are aware of only one multi‐species study on the evolutionary effects of land use (Warwick & Briggs ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evolutionary responses to land use in eight common grassland plants

et al. 2017

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Summary Land‐use change is an important component of global environmental change and a major driver of current declines in biodiversity. Although there is increasing evidence that species can evolve rapidly in response to anthropogenic environmental change, comprehensive studies of the evolutionary consequences of land use are still fairly scarce, in particular such that consider multiple species, study many populations, or that discriminate between different aspects of land use. Here, we studied genetic change of key phenotypic traits in response to land use in eight common grassland species across 137 grassland sites covering a broad range of land‐use types (mowing and/or grazing, with or without fertilization) and intensities in three regions of Germany. A common garden study revealed significant genetic differentiation in response to land‐use intensification within all of the investigated species. Among the studied land‐use processes, mowing appeared to have the strongest effect on the differentiation of plant phenotypes, with flowering phenology as the most responsive trait. However, there was substantial variation among species in the magnitude, sometimes also the direction of the observed population differentiation. Synthesis. Our study demonstrates that evolutionary responses of grassland plants to land‐use change are a common phenomenon and widespread across a broad range of different species. These evolutionary changes are likely to impact biotic interactions, as well as the structure and functioning of communities and ecosystems.

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“…Correlation between flowering time and latitude of plant population origin has also been established (Stinchcombe et al, 2004;Novy et al, 2013). While studying the effect of management on grasslands, Reisch and Poschlod (2011) found that mowing resulted in earlier flowering populations than grazing. In another study by Macnair and Gardiner (1998), edaphic factors resulted in early flowering serpentine endemic species Mimulus pardalis and Mimulus nudatus, and copper-mine endemic Mimulus cupriphilus from Mimulus guttatus.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flowering phenology is affected by a wide range of genetic and environmental factors (Rathcke and Lacey, 1985). It is variety specific (Hauser and Weidema, 2000), but can also evolve as an adaptation to environmental conditions, such as edaphic properties (Antonovics and Bradshaw, 1970;Rajakaruna, 2004), grazing (Reisch and Poschlod, 2011), pollinator presence or other climate related factors such as temperature and drought. Correlation between flowering time and latitude of plant population origin has also been established (Stinchcombe et al, 2004;Novy et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ecological effects on the flowering phenology of Cenchrus ciliaris L. collections from the arid and semiarid lands of Kenya

Kirwa¹,

Njoroge²,

Cheminingâ€TMwa³

et al. 2016

Afr. J. Agric. Res.

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Flowering is critical in plant ecology. Through flowering, plants evolve into new plant species that are better adapted to environmental variations. Cenchrus ciliaris is an important forage grass in Kenya, which is drought tolerant but is increasingly becoming depleted in grazing areas requiring reseeding. To identify suitable germplasm for such initiatives, collections from varied ecologies were evaluated at Kiboko to assess any adaptive morphological traits, particularly flowering related, that they may have been acquired in their evolution. Significant variation in days to start flowering (DSF) and days to full flowering (DFF) were observed between sites of ecotype origin and among the ecotypes. Ecotypes collected from Kilifi flowered significantly earlier than those from Kiboko while one Magadi ecotype, MGD3, was late flowering despite being collected from an arid zone. DSF was negatively correlated (p≤.0.001) to percent fertile tillers and the number of inflorescence per plant. Inflorescence length was positively correlated (p≤0.05) to the number of spikelets per inflorescence but negatively correlated (p≤0.001) to the percent fertile tillers. There was a trade-off between plant size and period to flowering where early flowering ecotypes were smaller in size and vice versa. However, a unique ecotype that defied the trade-off, MGD1 from arid agro-ecological zone VI, with both early flowering and robust traits was identified. Findings from Magadi collections indicate that collections from special niches may not be applied as wide area adaptations, especially with regard to drought tolerance. The early flowering trait of some of the ecotypes matched results from various studies involving a wide range of crops other than grasses. The findings of the study provide opportunities for further selection and breeding work.

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Morphology and phenology of Scabiosa columbaria from mown and grazed habitats – Results of a simulation experiment

Cited by 14 publications

References 43 publications

Joint forcing by heat waves and mowing poses a threat to grassland ecosystems: Evidence from a manipulative experiment

Joint forcing by heat waves and mowing poses a threat to grassland ecosystems: Evidence from a manipulative experiment

Evolutionary responses to land use in eight common grassland plants

Ecological effects on the flowering phenology of Cenchrus ciliaris L. collections from the arid and semiarid lands of Kenya

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