Morphology and morphometry of pulmonary veins and the left atrium in multi-slice computed tomography

Polaczek, Mateusz; Szaro, Paweł; Barańska, Inga; Burakowska, Barbara; Ciszek, Bogdan

doi:10.1007/s00276-019-02210-1

Cited by 23 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…Especially meaningful are the veins emptying on the atrial roof (V1R or V2R) (20) and direct outflow of V6R, which sometimes may be located very high on the medial atrial wall, in proximity to RSPV (21). Those variant are of special interest for interventional cardiologists, not only it may impact the isolation of PVs during ablation procedures, but also PV outflow anatomy may be a risk factor for atrial fibrillation itself, which was suggested in our earlier research, where detailed ostial anatomy was investigated (22). A m o n g a t y p i c a l v e n o u s v a s c u l a r i z a t i o n o f bronchopulmonary segments variants, the most important and common are related to the middle lobe.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Pulmonary veins variations with potential impact in thoracic surgery: a computed-tomography-based atlas

Polaczek¹,

Szaro²,

Jakubowska³

et al. 2020

J Thorac Dis

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Background: Pulmonary veins (PVs) are important during segmentectomy. Many case reports prove that they may be the source of bleeding during surgery, especially when anatomical variants are present. We decided to describe venous variations and prepare a computed tomography based atlas of our observations. Methods: The study was conducted using 135 chest computed tomography studies with intra venous iodine contrast injection. The study population contained 86 females and 49 males, mean age was 60. Thirteen people had atrial fibrillation. Images were analysed using radiological workstation. Results:The variations were divided into three categories: atypical topography of the PV, atypical venous outflow to the left atrium (LA), atypical venous vascularization of the lung bronchopulmonary segment.Retrobronchial course of the vein of the posterior segment of the right upper lobe was observed in 8.15%.The most common variant of atrial venous outflow was the direct outflow of the middle lobe vein, observed in 25.19% of cases and the long common trunk of left PVs in 11.11%. The split drainage from the middle lobe into the right superior pulmonary vein (RSPV) and the right inferior pulmonary vein (RIPV) was observed in 9.63% as the full drainage into the RIPV in 2.96%.Conclusions: Long common trunk of left PVs and numerous variants of venous vascularisation of the middle lobe are the variations that may pose potential problems during thoracic surgeries. The frequency is high enough to justify the routine assessment of pulmonary vessels with computed tomography before surgery.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Pulmonary veins variations with potential impact in thoracic surgery: a computed-tomography-based atlas

Polaczek¹,

Szaro²,

Jakubowska³

et al. 2020

J Thorac Dis

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“…In atypical but not rare situations in human, pulmonary veins that both originate from right (4%) or left (17.8%) may fuse into a common trunk before entering the left atrium [10]. Additional pulmonary veins derive from individual lung lobes can also happen.…”

Section: The Anatomy Of the Pulmonary Veinsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulmonary Vein: Embryology, Anatomy, Function and Disease

I-Ping¹,

Hsueh²

2022

Updates on Veterinary Anatomy and Physiology

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Four pulmonary veins come from respective lung lobes drain oxygen-rich blood back to the left atrium. Failure of incorporation with the left atrium can lead to a condition, called Cor triatriatum sinister, that the left atrium is separated into two chambers by an abortive fibrous tissue. The venous system of lung and whole body communicate with each other in the earlier time and they will be disconnected in the following developmental process. Total or partial anomalous pulmonary venous connection refers to that there is/are some degree of the communication exists after birth, which can occur in different sites. In the veterinary field, retrospective studies and several case reports have been published to describe these rare congenital cardiovascular diseases in several species. More cases are need for better understanding their clinical manifestation, treatment options and outcomes.

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“…To predict recurrence, LA size and functions are important indices, as LA ablation can lead to the formation of scars and subsequent changes in LA anatomy (Casaclang-Verzosa et al, 2008). For the follow-up analysis of LA volumes, TTE is typically used, but 3D techniques, such as real-time 3D echocardiography (Zhang et al, 2017), multi-slice CT (Polaczek et al, 2019) and MRI (Tsao et al, 2005), especially LGE MRI (McGann et al, 2014), may provide more accurate information. For the measurement of LA wall thickness, TEE provides high spatial resolution and has been used by Bakalli et al (2012).…”

Section: Imaging During Ablation Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Medical Image Analysis on Left Atrial LGE MRI for Atrial Fibrillation Studies: A Review

Li¹,

Zimmer²,

Schnabel³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Late gadolinium enhancement magnetic resonance imaging (LGE MRI) is commonly used to visualize and quantify left atrial (LA) scars. The position and extent of scars provide important information of the pathophysiology and progression of atrial fibrillation (AF). Hence, LA scar segmentation and quantification from LGE MRI can be useful in computerassisted diagnosis and treatment stratification of AF patients. Since manual delineation can be time-consuming and subject to intra-and inter-expert variability, automating this computing is highly desired, which nevertheless is still challenging and under-researched.This paper aims to provide a systematic review on computing methods for LA cavity, wall, scar and ablation gap segmentation and quantification from LGE MRI, and the related literature for AF studies. Specifically, we first summarize AF-related imaging techniques, particularly LGE MRI. Then, we review the methodologies of the four computing tasks in detail, and summarize the validation strategies applied in each task. Finally, the possible future developments are outlined, with a brief survey on the potential clinical applications of the aforementioned methods. The review shows that the research into this topic is still in early stages. Although several methods have been proposed, especially for LA segmentation, there is still large scope for further algorithmic developments due to performance issues related to the high variability of enhancement appearance and differences in image acquisition.

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Morphology and morphometry of pulmonary veins and the left atrium in multi-slice computed tomography

Cited by 23 publications

References 34 publications

Pulmonary veins variations with potential impact in thoracic surgery: a computed-tomography-based atlas

Pulmonary veins variations with potential impact in thoracic surgery: a computed-tomography-based atlas

Pulmonary Vein: Embryology, Anatomy, Function and Disease

Medical Image Analysis on Left Atrial LGE MRI for Atrial Fibrillation Studies: A Review

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