Morphology and mechanisms of formation of natural patinas on archaeological Cu–Sn alloys

Robbiola, Luc; Blengino, J. M.; Fiaud, C.

doi:10.1016/s0010-938x(98)00096-1

Cited by 429 publications

(483 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The presence of tin-rich phase in the center of samples is due to an identified process namely decuprification or selective dissolution of Cu [15][16][17][18]. It occurs because of Cu dissolution in corrosion of bronze artefacts in various environments such as soil.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The dissolved Cu will react with soil anions such as chloride and carbonate, and will deposit in external part of the artefact or its surface. The composition of redeposited corrosion compound on the surface of artefact is related to the nature of soil soluble anions and their reactivity [15,16]. This phenomenon is the main reason of corrosion morphologies appearing in archaeological bronzes in soil [9,15,16].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The composition of redeposited corrosion compound on the surface of artefact is related to the nature of soil soluble anions and their reactivity [15,16]. This phenomenon is the main reason of corrosion morphologies appearing in archaeological bronzes in soil [9,15,16]. In samples studied, the dissolved Cu has reacted with Cl that has led to formation of copper trihydroxichlorides.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micro-stratigraphical investigation on corrosion layers in ancient Bronze artefacts by scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectrometry and optical microscopy

et al. 2013

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Background: Archaeological metallic artefacts buried in soils deteriorate by means of various environmental as well as internal factors and mechanisms over time such as change in composition and microstructure of metal and corrosive factors due to long-term burial environment. Corrosion in metals occurs in different morphologies and results in different types of corrosion products based on soil composition. Identification of corrosion mechanisms and morphology in archaeological metals can help conservators to characterize deterioration occurred in metals and make decisions to protect artefacts about preventing further deterioration. In archaeological bronzes, different layers may form on the surface of artefacts and their composition, depth and shape depends on factors noted above. Results: In this paper, results of investigation carried out on ancient bronzes discovered from Haft Tappeh archaeological site, southwestern Iran, are presented. The ancient bronze samples are dated to the Middle Elamite period about 14th century BC. Some of the Haft Tappeh bronze artefacts corroded completely and a multilayer structure has formed. To study the stratigraphy of corrosion layers and their composition, some bronze artefacts have been analyzed using SEM-EDS (Scanning Electron Microscopy Energy Dispersive Spectrometry) and Optical Microscopy analyses. The results show difference between the amount of Cu and Sn in layers that may follow from copper leaching from inner layers and formation of copper trihydroxychlorides because of bronze disease.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Micro-stratigraphical investigation on corrosion layers in ancient Bronze artefacts by scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectrometry and optical microscopy

et al. 2013

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“…3). The low Fe contents, detected on some results, are probably due to soil incorporation on the patina (Robbiola et al, 1998).…”

Section: Edxrf and Micro-edxrf Analysis-artefacts Metallic Compositionmentioning

confidence: 87%

Characterisation of Late Bronze Age large size shield nails by EDXRF, micro-EDXRF and X-ray digital radiography

Figueiredo

Araújo

Silva

et al. 2011

Applied Radiation and Isotopes

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a b s t r a c tIn the present study six exceptional large size metallic nails, a dagger and a sickle from the Late Bronze Age archaeological site of Figueiredo das Donas (Central Portugal) have been analysed by EDXRF, micro-EDXRF and X-ray digital radiography for the study of material composition and technology of fabrication. The combination of these analytical and examination techniques showed that all artefacts are made of bronze with As, Sb and Pb impurities, and that the nails were most likely manufactured using the casting-on technique. These results reinforce the use of binary bronze by Late Bronze Age in the region, and the incorporation of new fabrication technologies that resulted from ancient spheres of interaction.

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“…Numerous studies deal with corrosion products on copper-tin alloys [5][6][7]. Information on the corrosion of copper arsenic alloys, however, is very scarce.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Near Eastern ancient bronze objects from Tell Beydar (NE-Syria): insights into their corrosion

Ryck¹,

Pantos²,

Adriaens

2007

Europhysics News

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Morphology and mechanisms of formation of natural patinas on archaeological Cu–Sn alloys

Cited by 429 publications

References 28 publications

Micro-stratigraphical investigation on corrosion layers in ancient Bronze artefacts by scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectrometry and optical microscopy

Micro-stratigraphical investigation on corrosion layers in ancient Bronze artefacts by scanning electron microscopy energy dispersive spectrometry and optical microscopy

Characterisation of Late Bronze Age large size shield nails by EDXRF, micro-EDXRF and X-ray digital radiography

Near Eastern ancient bronze objects from Tell Beydar (NE-Syria): insights into their corrosion

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