Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Rubber Toughened Amorphous Polyamide/MMT Nanocomposites

Yoo, Youngjae; Cui, Lili; Yoon, P. J.; Paul, Donald R

doi:10.1021/ma902232g

Cited by 75 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 71 publications

(200 reference statements)

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“…37 Besides, OMMT influenced the fracture surface of the impact specimens and the results were presented in Figure 7. The impact fracture surface of blend B was rather flat, which indicated the typical brittle fracture behavior.…”

Section: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Poly(phenylene oxide)/Polyamide-6 Nanocomposites with High Tensile Strength and Excellent Impact Performance

Zhang

Shentu

et al. 2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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Organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) was introduced into SEBS-g-MA toughened poly(phenylene oxide)/ polyamide-6 (PPO/PA6) blends simply by melt extrusion. The effects of OMMT on morphology, rheology, and mechanical behaviors of toughened PPO/PA6 nanocomposites were studied by scanning electron microscope, transmission electron microscope, capillary rheometer and mechanical tests. The addition of OMMT could decrease the size of dispersed PPO domains in PA6 matrix and melt viscosity of the toughened PPO/PA6 nanocomposites. Besides, exfoliated OMMT also brought significant improvement of tensile properties and heat deflection temperature (HDT), simultaneously. For nanocomposites with exfoliated OMMT, OMMT induced more core−shell toughening particles with the optimized size, and thus, elastomer-OMMT synergistic toughening was achieved in the PPO/PA6 nanocomposites. Consequently, PPO/PA6 nanocomposites with high tensile strength, excellent impact performance, improved HDT, and good processability were obtained. ■ INTRODUCTIONPoly(phenylene oxide) (PPO) exhibits good moisture resistance and thermal properties, but the poor processability limits its application. 1 Meanwhile, polyamide-6 (PA6) is a kind of engineering plastic with wide applications for its good processability and excellent solvent resistance. However, its heat deflection temperature (HDT) is low and its moisture resistance is poor. 1−3 When properly compatibilized, PPO/PA6 blend can potentially offer a material with complementary properties of incompatible PPO and PA6.Nevertheless, the toughness of compatibilized PPO/PA6 blend is rather poor. To toughen PPO/PA6 blend, impact modifiers were introduced into the blend. Styrene-ethylene− butadiene-styrene block copolymer grafted with maleic anhydride (SEBS-g-MA), ethylene-propylene-diene elastomer grafted with maleic anhydride (EPDM-g-MA) and poly-(ethylene-1-octene) grafted with maleic anhydride (POE-g-MA) were the mostly reported impact modifiers. 4−11 However, elastomer-toughening of plastics usually brings some deficiencies, such as low strength, 7,12 modulus, 8 and HDT, 13−15 which are detrimental for engineering application.For several years, organo-montmorillonite (OMMT) has been attracting great interest in both industry and academia due to its ability to improve HDT and tensile performance of materials at low loadings. 16−22 Recently, elastomer-OMMT synergistic toughening has been found in various polymer matrix, such as PA6, 16,23,24 polypropylene (PP), 25−27 poly-(ethylene terephthalate) (PET), 28 and polystyrene (PS). 29 Paul et al. concluded that the toughening effect was induced by the optimized value of elastomer particle size, 23,25,26 while Kelnar et al. ascribed the toughening effect to the formation of the core− shell structure. 24,28 These studies provided some references for achieving balanced mechanical properties. However, previous researches about elastomer-OMMT synergistic toughening were restricted within homopolymer. To the best of our knowledge, there were no reports about elastomer-OMM...

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Section: Industrial and Engineering Chemistry Researchmentioning

confidence: 99%

Preparation of Poly(phenylene oxide)/Polyamide-6 Nanocomposites with High Tensile Strength and Excellent Impact Performance

Zhang

Shentu

et al. 2015

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

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“…Maleic anhydride is one of the most popular materials used for grafting onto POE and making POE-g-MAH. During melt compounding of PA6 and POE-g-MAH, the amine end groups of PA6 react with the maleic anhydride groups of POE-g-MAH and form a graft copolymer, PA6-g-POE, which can increase the interfacial adhesion between two phases [11,12]. However, blends of POE-g-MAH and PA6 are still immiscible.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some other studies have assessed the location of filler in the blends by different methods e.g. DMTA [27,28], calculation of wetting coefficient [29] and spreading coefficient [12]. Baudouin et al [29] used wetting coefficient for detecting the location of carbon nanotube in the blends of polyamide and ethylene-acrylate copolymer (EA).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organoclay localization in polyamide 6/ethylene-butene copolymer grafted maleic anhydride blends: the effect of different types of organoclay

et al. 2011

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Localization of organoclays between two phases of polyamide 6 (PA6)/maleic anhydride grafted ethylenebutene copolymer (EB-g-MAH) blends, prepared via melt mixing, was investigated as a function of organoclay type. Cloisite 30B, Cloisite 20A and Cloisite 15A were used as different types of organoclay. The influence of different blend compositions and clay contents were also studied. Contact angle measurements have been applied to determine surface tension of components and then to calculate the wetting coefficient which is a useful parameter for prediction of the organoclay location. In general, all organoclays were found to locate in the more hydrophilic polyamide 6 phase. However, for Cloisite 20A and Cloisite 15A transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observations revealed some organoclay layers in the EB-g-MAH phase. Phase structure and nanocomposite morphology were evaluated using scanning and transmission electron microscopy and small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS). Results indicated the formation of an exfoliated or an intercalated morphology in different samples. Dynamic-mechanical thermal analysis and thermal gravimetric analysis were used as an experimental probe to confirm the location of nanoclays predicted via wetting coefficient. The shifting of glass transition temperature for PA6 phase confirmed that nanoclays are more distributed in this phase.

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“…A diblock copolymer composed of tetramethyl PC and poly(methyl methacrylate) was more effective than poly(methyl methacrylate) in increasing interfacial adhesion between PC and styrene‐co‐acrylonitrile (SAN) . Moreover, in several studies the NPs were added in order to improve the interfacial adhesion between amorphous polymers and rubber particles . Figure c and d illustrates the phase morphology of the PC/EPC blends reinforced with 1 wt% of the SiO 2 NPs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of modified polycarbonate with polyolefin and silica nanoparticles

Taraghi

Fereidoon

Paszkiewicz

et al. 2017

Polymers for Advanced Techs

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In this manuscript, the supramolecular structure and dynamic mechanical thermal behavior of the polycarbonate (PC)/ethylene propylene copolymer (EPC)/silica (SiO2) nanocomposites (NCs) have been studied. The morphological analysis of the fractured Izod impact surfaces revealed the mechanism of energy absorption for the elastomeric particle in front of the crack growth. The cracks growth and deformation of voids around the EPC phase are the main factors for energy absorption during the notched‐Izod impact test. The presence of the SiO2 nanoparticles (NPs) in the PC phase causes the increase in the values of the impact strength for the NCs specimens. No new peaks and bonds were observed in the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectra, and consequently, the phase behavior of the PC/EPC blends did not change significantly upon SiO2 addition. The dynamic mechanical thermal analysis result confirms the existence of two glass transitions temperatures and independence of all components in the system. Examination of the interfacial studies revealed that the SiO2 NPs do not exist at the interface of PC and EPC. In addition, applying SiO2 NPs into the blends improved the storage modulus (E′) and thermal stability of the PC/EPC/SiO2 NCs. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Morphology and Mechanical Properties of Rubber Toughened Amorphous Polyamide/MMT Nanocomposites

Cited by 75 publications

References 71 publications

Preparation of Poly(phenylene oxide)/Polyamide-6 Nanocomposites with High Tensile Strength and Excellent Impact Performance

Preparation of Poly(phenylene oxide)/Polyamide-6 Nanocomposites with High Tensile Strength and Excellent Impact Performance

Organoclay localization in polyamide 6/ethylene-butene copolymer grafted maleic anhydride blends: the effect of different types of organoclay

Microstructure, thermal stability, and mechanical properties of modified polycarbonate with polyolefin and silica nanoparticles

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