Morphology and mechanical properties of unidirectional sisal– epoxy composites

Oksman, Kristiina; Wallström, Lennart; Berglund, Lars A.; Filho, Romildo Dias Toledo

doi:10.1002/app.10475

Cited by 215 publications

(80 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The volume fraction has a critical effect on the properties of natural fibre bio-composites. A value between 30-40% has been used in numerous studies and was proven to give natural fibre composites of high quality and thermo-mechanical properties [2,3,14,21,24]. It was observed that the properties will generally improve with an increased volume fraction, up to a certain value, after which further increase result in weaker components.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Epoxy resins are also very commonly selected from the automotive industry [1] for the manufacturing of natural fibre biocomposites, and are among the most studied resins to be combined with natural fibres [24] in the literature. Further, there is today a wide range of available bio-sourced epoxy resins (extracted from natural sources such as epoxidised vegetables oils (EVOs) like pine oil waste and soya oil, or waste streams of other industrial processes, such as wood pulp and bio-fuels production) in the European market and an increasing number of companies with extended knowledge on the production of natural composites using these resins.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Thermo-mechanical performance of poly(lactic acid)/flax fibre-reinforced biocomposites

Nassiopoulos

Njuguna

2015

Materials & Design

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In this study, the thermo-mechanical performance of flax fibre reinforced poly lactic acid (PLA) biocomposites was investigated for the potential use in load bearing application such as body-in-white and body structures in the automotive sector. Focus was given into the relationships between the thermal and mechanical properties, and the material response under different loading and environmental conditions. The strength (72 MPa) and stiffness (13GPa) of flax/PLA composites investigated indicate a very promising material to replace traditional choices in load bearing application. The PLA's crystallinity was measured to approximately 27%. Annealing above 100 °C for an hour decreased that value to 30%, but analysis of tensile results of annealed specimens reveals a significant reduction of both the tensile strength and modulus. This reduction is associated with micro-cracking that occurred on the surface of PLA during the heating as well as deterioration of the flax properties due to drying. The study results show that strength and modulus increased with increasing strain rates, while elongation at break reduces respectively. A modulus of 22 GPa was recorded in 4.2 m/sec crosshead velocity. Further, flax/PLA showed significantly higher modulus than flax/epoxy for the composites studied. Improvement of the interfacial bonding and the temperature characteristics, combined the thermoplastic nature of PLA, demonstrates that flax/PLA composites is ideal for use in structural automotive applications.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Thermo-mechanical performance of poly(lactic acid)/flax fibre-reinforced biocomposites

Nassiopoulos

Njuguna

2015

Materials & Design

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“…The fiber volume fraction (V f ) is an important parameter in the theoretical calculations for strength, modulus, and other properties of fiberreinforced composite materials and it can be calculated using the following equation [17]:…”

Section: Determination Of the Fiber Volume Fraction (V F )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Maleated and Acrylic Acid-Functionalized Polyolefin Coupling Agents for HDPE-Wood-Flour Composites

Matuana

2003

Journal of Thermoplastic Composite Materials

114

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The performance of fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites strongly depends on solid fiber-matrix adhesion to allow stress transfer between the phases. Fiber surface modification with coupling agents is generally needed to induce bond formation between the fiber and the polymer. This study investigated the effects of coupling agent's functional monomer (acrylic acid vs. maleic anhydride) and base resin (polyethylene (PE) vs. polypropylene (PP)) types on the tensile and flexural properties of high-density polyethylene (HDPE)-wood-flour composites. The interfacial adhesion between wood flour and HDPE matrix was examined using environmental scanning electron microscope. The experimental results indicate that the types of functional monomer and base resin are important factors determining the effectiveness of functionalized coupling agents for HDPEwood-flour composites. Maleic anhydride-functionalized polyolefins perform better than acrylic acid counterparts whereas PE-based maleated coupling agents are more effective than PP-based counterparts in improving the strength properties of HDPE-wood-flour composites.

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“…The potential of using agricultural waste, such as sisal, jute, pineapple leaves, banana stems, oil palm, rice hulls and sugar palm as fillers is being explored. These biomass residues are all mostly available in abundance, can be obtained for little or no cost and are renewable throughout the whole year in countries like Malaysia (Oksman, Wallström, Berglund, & Romildo, 2002;Arib, Sapuan, Ahmad, Tahir, & Dahlan, 2006;Foo & Hameed, 2009;Zainudin, Sapuan, Abdan, & Mohamad, 2009;Hisham, Faieza, Ismail, Sapuan, & Ibrahim, 2011;Ishak, Sapuan, Leman, Rahman, & Anwar, 2011). Of all these residues, only a small proportion are used as household fuel or fertilisers and the remainder are considered as waste, which poses a negative effect for the environment (Chaudhary, 2004).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Composites from Unsaturated Polyester Filled with Oil Palm Ash

Ibrahim¹,

Sapuan²,

Faieza³

2012

J MECH ENG SCI

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Oil palm ash (OPA) is available in abundance, is renewable, can be obtained at no cost and shows good performance at high thermal conditions. Combinations of the unsaturated polyester with natural fillers have been reported to improve the mechanical and thermal properties of composites. Utilisation of oil palm ash as a filler in the manufacture of polymer composites can significantly reduce the requirement for other binders or matrixes of composite materials. This research uses oil palm ash as a filler to form composites through the investigation of the effect of different contents of filler on the properties of OPA-filled unsaturated polyester (UP/OPA) composites. The effect of different volume fractions, i.e., 0, 10, 20 and 30 vol.% of oil palm ash introduced into 100, 90, 80 and 70 vol.% of an unsaturated polyester matrix on the composite mechanical properties, i.e., tensile and flexural, has been studied, together with thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA) and differential scanning calorimetric (DSC). Specimens were prepared using compression moulding techniques based on the ASTM D790 and D5083 standards for flexural and tensile tests, respectively. The tensile and flexural mechanical properties of UP/OPA composites were improved in modulus by increasing the filler content. Thermal stability of the composites increased as the OPA filler content was increased, which was a logical consequence because of the high thermal stability of the silica compound of the OPA filler compared with that of the UP matrix. The results from the surface electron microscope (SEM) analysis were the extension of mechanical and thermal tests.

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Morphology and mechanical properties of unidirectional sisal– epoxy composites

Cited by 215 publications

References 14 publications

Thermo-mechanical performance of poly(lactic acid)/flax fibre-reinforced biocomposites

Thermo-mechanical performance of poly(lactic acid)/flax fibre-reinforced biocomposites

Effectiveness of Maleated and Acrylic Acid-Functionalized Polyolefin Coupling Agents for HDPE-Wood-Flour Composites

Mechanical and Thermal Properties of Composites from Unsaturated Polyester Filled with Oil Palm Ash

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