Morphology and mechanical properties of poly(ethylene brassylate)/cellulose nanocrystal composites

Butron, Amaia; Llorente, Olatz; Fernández, Jorge Sobral; Meaurio, Emilio; Sarasua, Jose‐Ramon

doi:10.1016/j.carbpol.2019.05.091

Cited by 29 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Though the cited authors did not employ a coupling agent in their work, the results suggest that a coupling agent could have enabled higher strength properties. Butron et al (2019) recently used a solvent-casting method to prepare films based on a bio-based polyester with cellulose nanocrystals. The solvent casting method permits high levels of reinforcement without damaging the cellulosic material or reducing the particle length.…”

Section: Other Polyestersmentioning

confidence: 99%

From nanocellulose to wood particles: A review of particle size vs. the properties of plastic composites reinforced with cellulose-based entities

Hubbe¹,

Grigsby²

2020

BioRes

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This review article considers published evidence regarding effects of particle size on mechanical properties of plastic matrix materials filled with cellulose-based reinforcements. Cellulosic or wood-based reinforcements in plastic matrices can contribute to higher modulus, lower density, and less tendency to sag in comparison with the matrix phase by itself, while still allowing the resulting material to be cut or milled. Although cellulosic materials are generally too hydrophilic to adhere well to common thermoplastic materials such as polyethylene, such deficiencies can be overcome by use of compatibilizers, e.g. polyethylene-maleic anhydride. Recently many researchers have evaluated nanocellulose in plastic composites. The higher surface areas of nanocellulose generally imply a higher cost of compatibilizer to achieve good interfacial adhesion. This review first examines results of a large number of studies all involving highdensity polyethylene as the matrix. Then, to get a more detailed mechanistic view, studies are considered that compare different particle sizes of cellulose-based reinforcements within the same conditions of preparation of composites prepared with various matrix polymers. To summarize the findings, there does not appear to be any consistent and dependable advantage of using nano-sized cellulosic reinforcements when trying to achieve higher values of composite strength or modulus.

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Section: Other Polyestersmentioning

confidence: 99%

From nanocellulose to wood particles: A review of particle size vs. the properties of plastic composites reinforced with cellulose-based entities

Hubbe¹,

Grigsby²

2020

BioRes

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“…In this sense, it has been observed that some nano-sized additives added at low concentrations can generate significant improvements in the mechanical, thermal, optical, and physicochemical properties of the materials compared to the pure biopolymer, all this without compromising their biodegradability. The use of reinforcing materials with nanometric particle sizes favors a more homogeneous dispersion of these, increasing the specific surface of reinforcements such as nano cellulose and nanoclays; these materials also exhibit improved thermal, mechanical, and barrier properties when reinforcing concentrations used are lower (1-5% by volume) than when using micrometer size or larger reinforcements [9][10][11][12][13].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical-Mechanical Behavior and Water-Barrier Properties of Biopolymers-Clay Nanocomposites

et al. 2021

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The preparation and characterization of biodegradable films based on starch-PVA-nanoclay by solvent casting are reported in this study. The films were prepared with a relation of 3:2 of starch:PVA and nanoclay (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% w/v), and glycerol as plasticizer. The nanoclays before being incorporated in the filmogenic solution of starch-PVA were dispersed in two ways: by magnetic stirring and by sonication. The SEM results suggest that the sonication of nanoclay is necessary to reach a good dispersion along the polymeric matrix. FTIR results of films with 1.0 and 1.5% w/v of sonicated nanoclay suggest a strong interaction of hydrogen bond with the polymeric matrix of starch-PVA. However, the properties of WVP, tensile strength, percentage of elongation at break, and Young’s modulus improved to the film with sonicated nanoclay at 0.5% w/v, while in films with 1.0 and 1.5% w/w these properties were even worse than in film without nanoclay. Nanoclay concentrations higher than 1.0 w/v saturate the polymer matrix, affecting the physicochemical properties. Accordingly, the successful incorporation of nanoclays at 0.5% w/v into the matrix starch-PVA suggests that this film is a good candidate for use as biodegradable packaging.

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“…The increase in modulus indicates compatibility between the nanocrystals and the LDPE matrix due to the formation of hydrogen bonds between the hydroxyls present in the nanocrystals and the LDPE, promoting the structural reinforcement of the films. Moreover, according to Butron et al, [ 31 ] nanocrystals act as connecting agents that increase tension transfer through the film. Sabet et al [ 32 ] detected an increase in modulus of elasticity with the addition of graphene in the LDPE matrix and concluded that nanomaterials in the LDPE matrix increase the structural reinforcement when the materials are compatible and capable of forming crosslinking.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Several authors report an increase in TS with the addition of starch, cellulose, and nanoparticle nanocrystals in LDPE matrices. [3,16,24,[31][32][33] Some studies report that the increase in the concentration of the SNCs further increases the TS. [16,31] Therefore, it is believed that the reduction in TS may have occurred due to the small amount of SNCs added to the films; thus, it did not show the effect of structural reinforcement.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of starch nanocrystals addition on the physicochemical, thermal, and optical properties of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) films

Martins

Latorres

Martins

et al. 2022

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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The aim of this study is to add rice and potato starch nanocrystals (SNCs) to a low-density polyethylene (LDPE) matrix to reinforce its structure, improve its characteristics, and broaden its applicability. The SNCs were produced by acid hydrolysis and applied to the LDPE matrix by extrusion at a concentration of 0.5% and 1%. The films were characterized in terms of physical-chemical, thermal, and structural properties. The addition of 1% SNCs produced from rice starch reduced the oxygen permeability to 1.57 Â 10 À4 (ml mm/MPa/ min/cm 2 ) and increased the thermal stability of the films. The addition of potato starch SNCs in a 1% proportion increased the crystallinity of the films to 81.6%. Therefore, the incorporation of starch SNCs in the LDPE matrix showed adequate compatibility and the ability to improve the properties of the films. The mixture of LDPE with biodegradable polymers can be an alternative that can contribute to the increase in the rate of biodegradability.

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Morphology and mechanical properties of poly(ethylene brassylate)/cellulose nanocrystal composites

Cited by 29 publications

References 42 publications

From nanocellulose to wood particles: A review of particle size vs. the properties of plastic composites reinforced with cellulose-based entities

From nanocellulose to wood particles: A review of particle size vs. the properties of plastic composites reinforced with cellulose-based entities

Physical-Mechanical Behavior and Water-Barrier Properties of Biopolymers-Clay Nanocomposites

Effect of starch nanocrystals addition on the physicochemical, thermal, and optical properties of low‐density polyethylene (LDPE) films

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