Morphology and Hydrodynamic Resistance in Young Swimmers

Benjanuvatra, Nat; Blanksby, Brian; Elliott, Bruce

doi:10.1123/pes.13.3.246

Cited by 25 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…Several authors examined the combined effects of morphological and body composition characteristics on Dp [9,22], but studies are still lacking that assess which among the characteristics described above, including a swimmer's technical adjustments, are related to the gliding position. Therefore, the study aimed to investigate the impact of morphological characteristics, body composition, and technical characteristics on the Dp in young competitive swimmers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Drag in Young Swimmers: Effects of Body Composition, Morphology and Gliding Position

Cortesi

Gatta

Michielon

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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The passive drag (Dp) during swimming is affected by the swimmer’s morphology, body density and body position. We evaluated the relative contribution of morphology, body composition, and body position adjustments in the prediction of a swimmer’s Dp. This observational study examined a sample of 60 competitive swimmers (31 male and 29 female) with a mean (±SD) age of 15.4 ± 3.1 years. The swimmer’s Dp was measured using an electro-mechanical towing device and the body composition was assessed using a bioelectrical impedance analyser. Body lengths and circumferences were measured in both the standing position and the simulated streamlined position. Partial correlation analysis with age as a control variable showed that Dp was largely correlated (p < 0.05) with body mass, biacromial- and bi-iliac-breadth, streamline chest circumference and breadth. Body mass, Body Mass Index, chest circumference and streamline chest circumference showed a significant and moderate to strong effect (η2 > 0.55) on Dp. Body mass was the best predictor of Dp explaining 69% of the variability. These results indicate that swimmers with lower Dp values were: (i) slimmer, with lower fat and fat-free mass, (ii) thinner, with lower shoulder breadth, chest circumference, and streamline trunk diameters (iii), shorter, with lower streamline height. These findings can be used for talent identification in swimming, with particular reference to the gliding performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Passive Drag in Young Swimmers: Effects of Body Composition, Morphology and Gliding Position

Cortesi

Gatta

Michielon

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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“…Passive drag has been investigated by many researchers (e.g. Clarys et al, 1974;Kolmogorov & Duplishcheva, 1992;Benjanuvatra, Blanksby, & Elliott, 2001). However, research on active drag is much more difficult and controversial.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 98%

A new device for estimating active drag in swimming at maximal velocity

Wang¹,

Wang²,

Wei-Xing³

et al. 2007

Journal of Sports Sciences

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A new device was designed to measure the active drag during maximal velocity swimming based on the assumption of equal useful power output in two cases: with and without a small additional drag. A gliding block was used to provide an adjustable drag, which was attached to the swimmer and measured by a force transducer. Six swimmers of national standard (3 males, 3 females) participated in the test. For the males, the mean active drag ranged from 48.57 to 105.88 N in the front crawl and from 54.14 to 76.37 N in the breaststroke. For the females, the mean active drag ranged from 36.31 to 50.27 N in the front crawl and from 36.25 to 77.01 N in the breaststroke. During testing, the swimmer's natural stroke and kick were not disturbed. We conclude that the device provides a useful method for measuring and studying active drag.

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“…Size-related parameters, such as head and thorax circumference, depth and breadth, chest girth and maximum cross-sectional area, body surface area, mass and height, have been found to be positively correlated to the drag values (Clarys et al, 1974;Chatard et al, 1990;Lyttle et al, 1998;Benjanuvatra et al, 2001). Some shape-related An Official Journal of ISB www.JAB-Journal.com ORIGINAL RESEARCH parameters, such as the ratio of height to the maximum cross-sectional area, have been found to be negatively correlated to the resistive characteristics of the human body (Clarys et al 1974;Clarys, 1978Clarys, , 1979.…”

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confidence: 99%

Relationships Between Glide Efficiency and Swimmers’ Size and Shape Characteristics

Naemi

Psycharakis

McCabe

et al. 2012

Journal of Applied Biomechanics

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Glide efficiency, the ability of a body to minimize deceleration over the glide, can change with variations in the body's size and shape. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between glide efficiency and the size and shape characteristics of swimmers. Eight male and eight female swimmers performed a series of horizontal glides at a depth of 70 cm below the surface. Glide efficiency parameters were calculated for velocities ranging from 1.4 to 1.6 m/s for female swimmers (and at the Reynolds number of 3.5 million) and from 1.6 to 1.8 m/s for male swimmers (and at the Reynolds number of 4.5 million). Several morphological indices were calculated to account for the shape characteristics, with the use of a photogrammetric method. Relationships between the variables of interest were explored with correlations, while repeated-measures ANOVA was used to assess within-group differences between different velocities for each gender group. Glide efficiency of swimmers increased when velocity decreased. Some morphological indices and postural angles showed a significant correlation with glide efficiency. The glide coefficient was significantly correlated to the chest to waist taper index for both gender groups. For the male group, the glide coefficient correlated significantly to the fineness ratio of upper body, the chest to hip cross-section. For the female group the glide coefficient had a significant correlation with the waist to hip taper index. The findings suggested that gliding efficiency was more dependent on shape characteristics and appropriate postural angles rather than being dependent on size characteristics.

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Morphology and Hydrodynamic Resistance in Young Swimmers

Cited by 25 publications

References 0 publications

Passive Drag in Young Swimmers: Effects of Body Composition, Morphology and Gliding Position

Passive Drag in Young Swimmers: Effects of Body Composition, Morphology and Gliding Position

A new device for estimating active drag in swimming at maximal velocity

Relationships Between Glide Efficiency and Swimmers’ Size and Shape Characteristics

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