Morphology and Host-Parasite Relationships of Crithidia flexonema (Trypanosomatidae) in the Hindgut and Malpighian Tubules of Gerris odontogaster (Hemiptera: Gerridae)

Tieszen, Kenneth L.; Molyneux, David

doi:10.2307/3282603

Cited by 11 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Evidence from water striders (Tieszen et al . 1986; Tieszen & Molyneux 1989) and triatomine bugs (Kollien et al . 1998) suggests that cells attach to the hindgut wall via specialized structures called hemidesmosomes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural variation in the genetic architecture of a host–parasite interaction in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris

et al. 2007

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The genetic architecture of fitness-relevant traits in natural populations is a topic that has remained almost untouched by quantitative genetics. Given the importance of parasitism for the host's fitness, we used QTL mapping to study the genetic architecture of traits relevant for host-parasite interactions in the trypanosome parasite, Crithidia bombi and its host, Bombus terrestris. The three traits analysed were the parasite's infection intensity, the strength of the general immune response (measured as the encapsulation of a novel antigen) and body size. The genetic architecture of these traits was examined in three natural, unmanipulated mapping populations of B. terrestris. Our results indicate that the intracolonial phenotypic variation of all three traits is based on a network of QTLs and epistatic interactions. While these networks are similar between mapping populations in complexity and number of QTLs, as well as in their epistatic interactions, the variability in the position of QTL and the interacting loci was high. Only one QTL for body size was plausibly found in at least two populations. QTLs for encapsulation and Crithidia infection intensity were located on the same linkage groups.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural variation in the genetic architecture of a host–parasite interaction in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris

et al. 2007

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“…Blastocrithidia triatomae is able to seize the microvilli of MTs with the dilated flagellar tip and to induce invagination of the plasmatic membrane of the epitheliocytes [ 34 ]. In Сrithidia flexonema parasitizing the water strider Gerris odontogaster , the flagella interdigitate microvilli of host MTs' epitheliocytes and the inner leaflet of the flagellar membrane is thickened [ 44 ]. The epimastigotes of B .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Obligate development of Blastocrithidia papi (Trypanosomatidae) in the Malpighian tubules of Pyrrhocoris apterus (Hemiptera) and coordination of host-parasite life cycles

Frolov¹,

Malysheva²,

Ganyukova³

et al. 2018

PLoS ONE

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Blastocrithidia papi is a unique trypanosomatid in that its life cycle is synchronized with that of its host, and includes an obligate stage of development in Malpighian tubules (MTs). This occurs in firebugs, which exited the winter diapause. In the short period, preceding the mating of overwintered insects, the flagellates penetrate MTs of the host, multiply attached to the epithelial surface with their flagella, and start forming cyst-like amastigotes (CLAs) in large agglomerates. By the moment of oviposition, a large number of CLAs are already available in the rectum. They are discharged on the eggs' surface with feces, used for transmission of bugs' symbiotic bacteria, which are compulsorily engulfed by the newly hatched nymphs along with the CLAs. The obligate development of B. papi in MTs is definitely linked to the life cycle synchronization. The absence of peristalsis allow the trypanosomatids to accumulate and form dense CLA-forming subpopulations, whereas the lack of peritrophic structures facilitates the extensive discharge of CLAs directly into the hindgut lumen. The massive release of CLAs associated with oviposition is indispensable for maximization of the infection efficiency at the most favorable time point.

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“…Intracellular stages are typical for many dixenous trypanosomatids and perform various functions [37]. Among monoxenous trypanosomatids this phenomenon has been previously documented only in Crithidia flexonema from the water strider Gerris odontogaster, where a single cell was located to the parasitophorous vacuole in a Malpighian tubule epitheliocyte [74]. In contrast to this, B. raabei massively attacks the enterocytes, which is reminiscent of the behavior of some dixenous trypanosomatids in the salivary glands (not the gut!)…”

Section: Peculiar Development In the Gutmentioning

confidence: 99%

If host is refractory, insistent parasite goes berserk: Trypanosomatid Blastocrithidia raabei in the dock bug Coreus marginatus

et al. 2020

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Here we characterized the development of the trypanosomatid Blastocrithidia raabei in the dock bug Coreus marginatus using light and electron microscopy. This parasite has been previously reported to occur in the host hemolymph, which is rather typical for dixenous trypanosomatids transmitted to a plant or vertebrate with insect's saliva. In addition, C. marginatus has an unusual organization of the intestine, which makes it refractory to microbial infections: two impassable segments isolate the anterior midgut portion responsible for digestion and absorption from the posterior one containing symbiotic bacteria. Our results refuted the possibility of hemolymph infection, but revealed that the refractory nature of the host provokes very aggressive behavior of the parasite and makes its life cycle more complex, reminiscent of that in some dixenous trypanosomatids. In the pre-barrier midgut portion, the epimastigotes of B. raabei attach to the epithelium and multiply similarly to regular insect trypanosomatids. However, when facing the impassable constricted region, the parasites rampage and either fiercely break through the isolating segments or attack the intestinal epithelium in front of the barrier. The cells of the latter group pass to the basal lamina and accumulate there, causing degradation of the epitheliocytes and thus helping the epimastigotes of the former group to advance posteriorly. In the symbiont-containing post-barrier midgut segment, the parasites either attach to bacterial cells and produce cyst-like amastigotes (CLAs) or infect enterocytes. In the rectum, all epimastigotes attach either to the cuticular lining or to each other and form CLAs. We argue that in addition to the specialized life cycle B. raabei possesses functional cell enhancements important either for the successful passage through the intestinal barriers (enlarged rostrum and well-developed Golgi complex) or as food reserves (vacuoles in the posterior end).

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Morphology and Host-Parasite Relationships of Crithidia flexonema (Trypanosomatidae) in the Hindgut and Malpighian Tubules of Gerris odontogaster (Hemiptera: Gerridae)

Cited by 11 publications

References 19 publications

Natural variation in the genetic architecture of a host–parasite interaction in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris

Natural variation in the genetic architecture of a host–parasite interaction in the bumblebee Bombus terrestris

Obligate development of Blastocrithidia papi (Trypanosomatidae) in the Malpighian tubules of Pyrrhocoris apterus (Hemiptera) and coordination of host-parasite life cycles

If host is refractory, insistent parasite goes berserk: Trypanosomatid Blastocrithidia raabei in the dock bug Coreus marginatus

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