Morphology and discrimination features of pollen from Italian olive cultivars (<i>Olea europaea</i>L.)

Messora, Rita; Florenzano, Assunta; Torri, Paola; Mercuri, Anna Maria; Muzzalupo, Innocenzo; Arru, Laura

doi:10.1080/00173134.2016.1216594

Cited by 15 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…As wild and domesticated olive pollen grains are palynologically indistinguishable (Figure 2a and b; Bottema and Sarpaki, 2003;Langgut et al, 2014;Liphschitz et al, 1991;Mercuri et al, 2013;Messora et al, 2016), they are hardly able to contribute to the discussion regarding olive domestication. Therefore, in this study, periods of sudden and profound increases in olive pollen percentages within different pollen records along the Mediterranean Basin have been used as an indicator of large-scale olive management.…”

Section: Palynologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin and spread of olive cultivation in the Mediterranean Basin: The fossil pollen evidence

Langgut¹,

et al. 2019

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Olive ( Olea europaea L.) was one of the most important fruit trees in the ancient Mediterranean region and a founder species of horticulture in the Mediterranean Basin. Different views have been expressed regarding the geographical origins and timing of olive cultivation. Since genetic studies and macro-botanical remains point in different directions, we turn to another proxy – the palynological evidence. This study uses pollen records to shed new light on the history of olive cultivation and large-scale olive management. We employ a fossil pollen dataset composed of high-resolution pollen records obtained across the Mediterranean Basin covering most of the Holocene. Human activity is indicated when Olea pollen percentages rise fairly suddenly, are not accompanied by an increase of other Mediterranean sclerophyllous trees, and when the rise occurs in combination with consistent archaeological and archaeobotanical evidence. Based on these criteria, our results show that the southern Levant served as the locus of primary olive cultivation as early as ~6500 years BP (yBP), and that a later, early/mid 6th millennium BP cultivation process occurred in the Aegean (Crete) – whether as an independent large-scale management event or as a result of knowledge and/or seedling transfer from the southern Levant. Thus, the early management of olive trees corresponds to the establishment of the Mediterranean village economy and the completion of the ‘secondary products revolution’, rather than urbanization or state formation. From these two areas of origin, the southern Levant and the Aegean olive cultivation spread across the Mediterranean, with the beginning of olive horticulture in the northern Levant dated to ~4800 yBP. In Anatolia, large-scale olive horticulture was palynologically recorded by ~3200 yBP, in mainland Italy at ~3400 yBP, and in the Iberian Peninsula at mid/late 3rd millennium BP.

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Section: Palynologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin and spread of olive cultivation in the Mediterranean Basin: The fossil pollen evidence

Langgut¹,

et al. 2019

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“…Olive genotyping is currently based on microsatellite markers (SSR), that have shown high efficiency for the identification of olive cultivars coming from olive groves ( Beghè et al, 2011 ; Rehman et al, 2012 ; Fernández et al, 2015 ), or from regional ( Marra et al, 2013 ; Mousavi et al, 2017b ), national ( Fendri et al, 2010 ; Chalak et al, 2014 ; Muzzalupo et al, 2014 ) and international collections ( Sarri et al, 2006 ; Haouane et al, 2011 ; Trujillo et al, 2014 ). These markers have largely superseded the traditional morphological description ( Barranco and Rallo, 2000 ; Caruso et al, 2014 ; Messora et al, 2017 ) and other major molecular techniques (RFLP, RAPD and AFLP) used in olive ( Belaj et al, 2003b , 2016 ; Bracci et al, 2011 ). Up to date, SSRs have been the markers of choice in olive due to their high level of polymorphism, multi allelic and codominant nature and the high reproducibility within laboratories.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Usefulness of a New Large Set of High Throughput EST-SNP Markers as a Tool for Olive Germplasm Collection Management

et al. 2018

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Germplasm collections are basic tools for conservation, characterization, and efficient use of olive genetic resources. The identification of the olive cultivars maintained in the collections is an important ongoing task which has been performed by both, morphological and molecular markers. In the present study, based on the sequencing results of previous genomic projects, a new set of 1,043 EST-SNP markers has been identified. In order to evaluate its discrimination capacity and utility in diversity studies, this set of markers was used in a representative number of accessions from 20 different olive growing countries and maintained at the World Olive Germplasm Collection of IFAPA Centre ‘Alameda del Obispo’ (Córdoba, Spain), one of the world’s largest olive germplasm bank. Thus, the cultivated material included: cultivars belonging to previously defined core collections by means of SSR markers and agronomical traits, well known homonymy cases, possible redundancies previously identified in the collection, and recently introduced accessions. Marker stability was tested in repeated analyses of a selected number of accessions, as well as in different trees and accessions belonging to the same cultivar. In addition, 15 genotypes from a cross ‘Picual’ × ‘Arbequina’ cultivars from the IFAPA olive breeding program and a set of 89 wild genotypes were also included in the study. Our results indicate that, despite their relatively wide variability, the new set of EST-SNPs displayed lower levels of genetic diversity than SSRs in the set of olive core collections tested. However, the EST-SNP markers displayed consistent and reliable results from different plant material sources and plant propagation events. The EST-SNPs revealed a clear cut off between inter- and intra-cultivar variation in olive. Besides, they were able to reliably discriminate among different accessions, to detect possible homonymy cases as well as efficiently ascertain the presence of redundant germplasm in the collection. Additionally, these markers were highly transferable to the wild genotypes. These results, together with the low genotyping error rates and the easy and fully automated procedure used to get the genotyping data, validate the new set of EST-SNPs as possible markers of choice for olive cultivar identification.

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“…sylvestris and O. europaea L. ssp. europaea, respectively) that have quite similar pollen morphology (Roselli, 1979;Ribeiro et al, 2012;Messora et al, 2017). Another problem arises from the fact that O. europaea is an evergreen xerophilous tree, whose growth is promoted by a warming climate (Moriondo et al, 2013).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Representativeness of Olea Pollen from Olive Groves and the Late Holocene Landscape Reconstruction in Central Mediterranean

et al. 2017

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Modern pollen spectra are an invaluable reference tool for paleoenvironmental and cultural landscape reconstructions, but the importance of knowing the pollen rain released from orchards remains underexplored. In particular, the role of cultivated trees is in past and current agrarian landscapes has not been fully investigated. Here, we present a pollen analysis of 70 surface soil samples taken from 12 olive groves in Basilicata and Tuscany, two regions of Italy that exemplify this cultivation in the Mediterranean basin. This study was carried out to assess the representativeness of Olea pollen in modern cultivations. Although many variables can influence the amount of pollen observed in soils, it was clear that most of the pollen was deposited below the trees in the olive groves. A rapid decline in the olive pollen percentages (c. 85% on average) was found when comparing samples taken from IN vs. OUT of each grove. The mean percentages of Olea pollen obtained from the archeological sites close to the studied orchards suggest that olive groves were established far from the Roman farmhouses of Tuscany. Further south, in the core of the Mediterranean basin, the cultivation of Olea trees was likely situated ∼500-1,000 m from the rural sites in Basilicata, and dated from the Hellenistic to the Medieval period.

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Morphology and discrimination features of pollen from Italian olive cultivars (Olea europaeaL.)

Cited by 15 publications

References 29 publications

The origin and spread of olive cultivation in the Mediterranean Basin: The fossil pollen evidence

The origin and spread of olive cultivation in the Mediterranean Basin: The fossil pollen evidence

Usefulness of a New Large Set of High Throughput EST-SNP Markers as a Tool for Olive Germplasm Collection Management

The Representativeness of Olea Pollen from Olive Groves and the Late Holocene Landscape Reconstruction in Central Mediterranean

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