Morphology Analysis of Friction Particles Generated in Tractor Transmission Oils

Kučera, Marián; Aleš, Zdeněk

doi:10.1515/ata-2017-0012

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…Some recent studies (Bekana et al 2015, Sejkorová andGlos 2017) found that the optimal oil change, for good engine performance, mainly depends on the performed tasks and on the oil quality. Recent studies have investigated the characteristics and wear of the oils used in the engine and in the transmission and hydraulic systems of the farm tractors, and new types of oil are now available, complying with the new engine and transmission requirements and with the environmental aspects (Baron et al 2015, Kosiba et al 2016, Kučera and Aleš 2017, also extending the intervals in the lubricant oil change. The equation of the ASABE Standard D497.7 for the engine oil consumption considered a service interval of 100 hours, while nowadays the recommended service interval is up to 500-700 hours, depending on the model and manufacturer´s recommendations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Consumption in 4WD Farm Tractors Used in Forestry Operations

Airoldi

Calvo

Manzone

2020

Croat. j. for. eng. (Online)

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Farm tractors are still widely used in many forestry operations. Predicting fuel and lubricant costs is difficult because their consumption depends on a number of factors such as hours worked and operations performed. Fuel and lubricant consumption is important since it can have an impact at both the economic and environmental level. Many fuel models have been studied in the last decades, but few studies have focused on oil consumption. The ASABE (American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers) Standard suggested a model for predicting engine oil consumption of farm tractors of the 1980s, which are potentially different from modern tractor engines. In addition, the recent widespread application of semi- and full-power-shift and continuous variable transmissions and the high number of hydraulic applications increased the amount of lubrication oil for transmission and hydraulic systems.For these reasons, we analysed 133 4WD recent model farm tractors used in forest operations with the aim to study:Þ engine, transmission and hydraulic system oil capacitiesÞ engine oil change intervals as recommended by the manufacturers.A new equation for engine oil consumption, as a function of the rated engine power, was first used and statistically analysed. It was similar to the equation developed by other authors (with a mean difference of 28%, decreasing to 11% at the highest engine power), but well below the ASABE model (with an average engine oil consumption three times higher). Another equation of total oil consumption related to the rated engine power was then studied and compared with a recent study. The results showed an average difference of 18%, decreasing to 8% at the highest engine power. The differences, due to a different machine dataset (only 4WD farm tractors that can be used for forestry operations were analysed) are, however, minimal also in the engine oil consumption model if compared with the oldest ones: a new proposal is therefore necessary, with new and affordable models for correctly evaluating economic and environmental forestry operation costs when using farm tractors.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oil Consumption in 4WD Farm Tractors Used in Forestry Operations

Airoldi

Calvo

Manzone

2020

Croat. j. for. eng. (Online)

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“…One of the reasons for the high price of environmentally friendly hydraulic fluids is the necessity for the manufacturers of hydraulic pumps to approve the usage of the fluid in the hydraulic system and to verify its compatibility with hydraulic circuit components [22][23][24]. The proposed laboratory testing device significantly facilitates testing and assessing the usage of various power carriers in the hydraulic systems of tractors and, optionally, provides the possibility to assess the effects power carriers have on the properties of hydraulic circuit components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental Hydraulic Device for the Testing of Hydraulic Pumps and Liquids

Tkáč¹,

Kosiba²,

Hujo³

et al. 2018

Tribol. Ind.

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The goal of this paper is the verification measurement of the proposed laboratory testing device for operation monitoring and assessment of both the hydraulic circuit components and the energy carrier used. The goal is to test the operation of a proposed hydraulic circuit within the range of selected working pressures, flows and working fluid temperatures using the QHD-17R tractor hydraulic pump, which is used in hydraulic drive systems of agricultural and forestry tractors. By the verification measurement, we proved that the proposed laboratory testing device is suitable for testing hydraulic circuit components, as well as, potentially, for testing and monitoring the changes in physical properties of hydraulic fluids.

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“…Olej był łatwo degradowalny termicznie i stwierdzono w nim krytyczną ilość żywicy. Do oznaczania zanieczyszczeń mechanicznych w monitorowanych olejach hydraulicznych zastosowano analizator laserowy i klasyfikator cząstek 36) w celu określenia klasy czystości zgodnie z normą 30) , której podstawą było określenie liczby cząstek większych niż 4 µm, niż 6 µm i niż 14 µm w 1 mL cieczy. Ocenę oparto na górnych limitach ostrzegawczych poszczególnych klas wielkości tej normy, podanych przez producenta linii manipulacyjnych.…”

Section: Metodyka Badańunclassified