Morphological Variations of Middle Ear  Ossicles and its Clinical Implications

Saha, Ritaban; Srimani, Phalguni; Mazumdar, Ardhendu; Mazumdar, Sibani

doi:10.7860/jcdr/2017/23906.9147

Cited by 13 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…The stapes is the deepest placed and also the smallest of the three ossicles. Given the surgical importance of this ossicle in humans (Saha, Srimani, Mazumdar, & Mazumdar, 2017), size and morphology of this piece is important. The overall shape in C. hircus resembles the one described for the Chinese bamboo rat (Pleštilová et al., 2016), degu and paca, hamster (Mohammadpour, 2010), wolf (Gürbüz et al., 2019) or guinea pig (Albuquerque, Rossato, De Oliveira, & Hyppolito, 2009).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological and morphometrical aspects of the auditory ossicles in goat (Capra hircus)

Martonos

Gudea

Damian

et al. 2020

Anat Histol Embryol

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The present paper deals with a detailed description of the auditory ossicles in Capra hircus. The paper focuses on the morphological and morphometrical description of the ossicular assembly, formed by malleus, incus and stapes. The malleus (overall length, as average‐ 8.16 mm) comprises the head of malleus (Caput mallei), a slightly strictured part—neck (Collum mallei) with 3 distinctive processes (lateral, rostral and muscular) (Processus lateralis, Processus rostralis and Processus muscularis) and a handle (Manubrium mallei). The head of malleus has an oval aspect with an obtuse articular surface on its medial surface (Facies articularis). The neck is evident with three bony processes described—the anterior, almost triangular, the muscular one quite reduced and the lateral one which is the most developed one. The manubrium is the longest sector—4.4 mm and appears as a slightly curved piece. The incus presents a body of 1.3 mm and two processes—the short and long crus (Crus breve and Crus longum). The overall shape of the ossicle resembles a biradicular molar. The lenticular process is a continuation of the distal part of the long crus. The stapes—the smallest in size of the three ossicles (2.7 mm), has a head (Caput stapedis), an anterior (Crus rostrale) and a caudal (Crus caudale) arm and a footplate (Basis stapedis). The two processes are slightly different in size and morphology, delimiting the intercrural space that shows the presence of a bony spicule. The footplate (1.6 mm2 area) is ellipsoidal, with an anterior narrower extremity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The muscular process onto the head of stapes is well individualized, similar to the situation described for the wolf, rabbit, donkey, hamster and large ruminants. Opposite to this situation, cited literature mentions the existence of a smooth surface in the case of humans and sheep fetuses (Padmini & Narasinga Rao, 2013; Saha et al, 2017).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological and morphometrical aspects of the auditory ossicles in goat (Capra hircus)

Martonos

Gudea

Damian

et al. 2020

Anat Histol Embryol

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“…Prior methods for calculating clinically relevant anatomical measurements typically involve manual segmentation of structures on CT imaging with placement of fiducials on visualization software [6][7][8] or meticulous harvesting of cadaveric structures with direct manual measurements. [9][10][11] By manually segmenting a single average bone template along with clinical relevant landmarks, this image registration-based method is able to automatically propagate template labels to other temporal bone scans with reliable accuracy. We believe the ability to automate this process will have applications in current preoperative planning workflows and large-scale studies of temporal bone anatomy, as well as for future work in integrating image-guided robotics into neurotologic surgery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Automated Extraction of Anatomical Measurements From Temporal Bone CT Imaging

Ding¹,

Lu²,

et al. 2022

Otolaryngol.--head neck surg.

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Objective Proposed methods of minimally invasive and robot-assisted procedures within the temporal bone require measurements of surgically relevant distances and angles, which often require time-consuming manual segmentation of preoperative imaging. This study aims to describe an automatic segmentation and measurement extraction pipeline of temporal bone cone-beam computed tomography (CT) scans. Study Design Descriptive study of temporal bone measurements. Setting Academic institution. Methods A propagation template composed of 16 temporal bone CT scans was formed with relevant anatomical structures and landmarks manually segmented. Next, 52 temporal bone CT scans were autonomously segmented using deformable registration techniques from the Advanced Normalization Tools Python package. Anatomical measurements were extracted via in-house Python algorithms. Extracted measurements were compared to ground truth values from manual segmentations. Results Paired t test analyses showed no statistical difference between measurements using this pipeline and ground truth measurements from manually segmented images. Mean (SD) malleus manubrium length was 4.39 (0.34) mm. Mean (SD) incus short and long processes were 2.91 (0.18) mm and 3.53 (0.38) mm, respectively. The mean (SD) maximal diameter of the incus long process was 0.74 (0.17) mm. The first and second facial nerve genus had mean (SD) angles of 68.6 (6.7) degrees and 111.1 (5.3) degrees, respectively. The facial recess had a mean (SD) span of 3.21 (0.46) mm. Mean (SD) minimum distance between the external auditory canal and tegmen was 3.79 (1.05) mm. Conclusions This is the first study to automatically extract relevant temporal bone anatomical measurements from CT scans using segmentation propagation. Measurements from these models can streamline preoperative planning, improve future segmentation techniques, and help develop future image-guided or robot-assisted systems for temporal bone procedures.

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“…The ear ossicles, the malleus, incus and stapes, ossify early in life and achieve their final size in postnatal life (Duboeuf et al, 2015). They are said to undergo little remodeling (Marotti et al, 1998;Chen et al, 2008;Duboeuf et al, 2015;Saha et al, 2017) throughout the lifetime of the individual. However, as the ear ossicles are constantly exposed to and respond to external, as well as self-generated sound, it is possible that certain regions within the ossicular chain undergo some remodeling in response to their biomechanical function (Hill and Orth, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…While the morphological differences of the ossicular chain have been investigated for the purpose of designing prostheses (Farahani and Nooranipour, ; Padmini, ; Saha et al, ), the impact of changes in mass loading on the ear ossicles due to these prostheses is not well understood. The aim of the present study is thus to evaluate the possible changes in bone mineral density at specific sites on the ossicular chain across the lifespan.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bone mineral density of human ear ossicles: An assessment of structure in relation to function

2018

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Human ear ossicles are essential for normal sound conduction from the external environment to the inner ear. These bones are subjected to high biomechanical loads due to the sustained vibrations which occur with reception of sound. It is expected that the bones would undergo a significant amount of remodeling and change in bone mineral density during the lifespan of an individual. Therefore, the aim of the study was to evaluate the possible changes in bone mineral density of regions of the ossicular chain during postnatal life. Forty four left and 36 right sets of human ear ossicles, ranging from a sub-adult age group to a mature adult age group, were sourced from the School of Anatomical Sciences, University of Witwatersrand. The ear ossicles were scanned using a micro-focus CT X-ray. A three-dimensional reconstruction of each ossicle was created from the CT scan. Bone mineral density was then determined at specific sites on the ossicles. There was no statistically significant variation found in the bone mineral density in relation to the age of the specimens. However, the handle of the malleus, the incudo-stapedial joint and the insertion site for the tendon of stapedius had lower bone mineral densities when compared to adjacent articulation and nonattachment sites on the ossicular chain. This is possibly due to biomechanical stress in response to sound conduction rather than ageing. Lower bone mineral density may be indicative of regions that experience the highest biomechanical force, thus, resulting in increased remodeling. Clin. Anat. 00:000-000, 2018. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Morphological Variations of Middle Ear Ossicles and its Clinical Implications

Cited by 13 publications

References 12 publications

Morphological and morphometrical aspects of the auditory ossicles in goat (Capra hircus)

Morphological and morphometrical aspects of the auditory ossicles in goat (Capra hircus)

Automated Extraction of Anatomical Measurements From Temporal Bone CT Imaging

Bone mineral density of human ear ossicles: An assessment of structure in relation to function

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