Morphological variation of carotid artery bifurcation level in digital angiography

Abstract

Knowing of the level of carotid artery bifurcation (CB) is important for vascular surgery in the neck (Folia Morphol 2015; 74, 2: 206-211)

Variations, relations and clinical significance of carotid arterial system in anterior neck: a cadaveric study

“…A high bifurcation should be treated cautiously by surgeons due to its close neighborhood to hypoglossal nerve and difficulties in approach. 6,29 Strover S et al, reported higher incidences of vascular trauma possible in high CC bifurcations during penetrating neck injuries. 30 In this study, in 93.87% cases the ECA was located antero-medial to ICA.…”

“…9 Neck has a complex and variable anatomical relationship between many important structures and these knowledge is crucial in numerous surgical interventions including carotid endarterectomy, carotid stenting, vascular embolization, neck tumor surgeries, plastic reconstruction of neck following removal of large mass, radical neck dissections, carotid sinus baroreceptor stimulation to avoid unwanted structural damage and related complications. 9,18,22,24 Moreover, the anatomy and geometry of CCA may influence the carotid atherosclerosis which is a leading cause of death and disability. 9,25,26 The objective of this study was to re-explore the detailed anatomical relations of carotid artery within the anterior triangle of neck focusing on the bifurcation level of common carotid artery and its relation to hypoglossal nerve, branching pattern of front branches of ECA, relation between ECA and ICA and unusual tortuosity in carotid arterial system if any.…”

Republished: Separate origins of the left internal and external carotid arteries from the aortic arch and cervical internal carotid artery aneurysm in a patient with Noonan syndrome

“…We postulate that the dorsal end of the third aortic arch on the left side failed to regress completely which subsequently led to the aneurysm formation of the ICA. Our hypothesis is based on the location of the aneurysm, at the level of the C3 vertebra, which is one of the more common positions of the carotid bulb,5 interposed between the ICA and ECA. Interestingly, on imaging and intraoperatively, separate entry and exit openings of the ICA were noted inside the aneurysm, which also supports our hypothesis.…”

Variations in carotid sinus anatomy and their relevance to carotid interventions

“…In particular, the vertebral level of the carotid bifurcation and therefore the position of the CS can range from C2 to the C6-C7 intervertebral disc. This influences where optimal surgical incisions should be made [11]. The branches of the carotid arteries, diameters and degree of tortuosity also vary and have important relevance for clinical interventions [12,13] .…”