Morphological Variability and Taxonomic Relationship of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench Accessions Based on Qualitative Characters

Abstract

<jats:p>Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench is a member of Poaceae family with three agronomic types corresponds to their specific uses namely grain sorghum, sweet sorghum, and forage sorghum. Although sorghum in Indonesia is considered as under-utilized crop, but it has the potential as an alternative resource for staple food in diversification program to support food security. The potential of sorghum as alternative staple food is due to its high nutritional value, and the ability to grow well in marginal lands with maintaining good productivity. The objectives of this study were to assess the extent of morphological variability and to resolve taxonomic relationship of sorghum accessions from Java Island based on morphological characters. Twenty nine sorghum samples were collected from three provinces in Java, namely Central Java, Special Province of Yogyakarta, and East Java. Morphological data observed refers to Descriptors for Sorghum, generating 19 qualitative characters used in cluster analysis and principal component analysis. Cluster analysis resulted in the grouping of 29 accessions into three groups corresponding to the racial classification of sorghum. Results of principal component analysis showed that the main distinguishing characters between groups were inflorescence compactness and shape, glume coverage, presence or absence of awn, presence or absence of grain sub-coat, grain shape, and grain color. Analysis of correlation showed that there were very strong relationship between glume coverage and the presence of awn, and between the presence of grain sub-coat and grain color. Results of this study revealed that sorghum accessions cultivated on Java Island consisted of four races namely Bicolor, Guinea, Caudatum, and Kafir.</jats:p>

Chemometric approach to the nutritive value of some sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) cultivars

“…Such a notion might also be suggested based on the CA results of our study. Therefore, the present study might play a significant role in filling up the gaps on these sorghum cultivars and in providing the trait-specific cultivars for use by the breeders because Sorghum bicolor comprises of weedy and cultivated annual forms that are fully inter-fertile (Upadhyaya et al, 2010;Chikuta et al, 2015;Martiwi et al, 2020). Thus, the evaluation and use of these new cultivars in their breeding program may contribute the sorghum improvement activities across the globe (Burow et al, 2012).…”

“…Also, Drab and Daszykowski (2014) noted that the two-way clustering, extended with a colour map, enables a detailed interpretation of the studied treatments in terms of the variables that contribute most to the clustering tendency. In several studies that used one or both PCA and CA, some sorghum cultivars have been assessed in terms of agro-morphological diversity through quantitative and qualitative phenotypic traits (Chikuta et al, 2015;Mofokeng et al, 2017;Hamidou et al, 2018;Mulima et al, 2018;Martiwi et al, 2020). The evaluation of sorghum cultivars especially in terms of nutritive value is very important (Singh et al, 2014(Singh et al, , 2017Uzun et al, 2017) because farmers are interested in sorghum cultivars with higher nutritive value for domestic ruminants in many countries of the world, including Turkey.…”

Genotypic variability and relationships of Sorghum bicolor accessions from Java Island, Indonesia based on IRAP markers

“…PCoA is used as a complementary method to cluster analysis because this method is superior compared to other graphical dispersion analysis in terms of projection of distances representing the level of genetic diversity and identification of closely related genotype groups (Sant'Anna et al 2020). When the grouping of 23 sorghum accessions based on IRAP markers was compared to the grouping of botanical races based on morphological characters resulted from previous study (Martiwi et al 2020), it was clear that there was no conformity between them. In this case, the accessions forming each cluster in NJ dendrogram have consisted of various botanical races.…”

“…S. bicolor has no genetic barrier, resulting in very wide intra-species variations (Berenji et al 2011). Taxonomic study on S. bicolor accessions from Java Island based on morphological characters showed high variability as indicated by the existence of four botanical races namely Bicolor, Guinea, Caudatum, and Kaffir (Martiwi et al 2020). This high morphological variability indicates high genotypic diversity among sorghum accessions.…”

Morphological variations of superior sugarcane cultivars (Saccharum officinarum) from Lampung, Indonesia

“…According to Hidayati et al (2016), characterization based on morphological characters (leaves, stems, tubers, fruits, roots) can determine the type of utilization of the characterized plants with the highest variation shown in the petiole. Color variation is also very important in the identification of cultivar differences (Oktavianingsih et al 2019;Purnomo et al 2020).…”