Morphological Study of Attachment of Costoclavicular Ligament on the Clavicle in South Indian Population

Abstract

BACKGROUND Clavicle is an important bone concerned with movements of upper limb. It has a shaft and two ends, sternal end and acromial end. Inferior surface of the sternal end presents with an impression called costoclavicular area. The presence of costoclavicular groove for the attachment of costoclavicular ligament was studied in 78 clavicles. The most common type seen was rough and elevated. This area is clinically important for radiologists and orthopaedicians. Aim-To study the attachment of costoclavicular ligament on clavicle. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cross-sectional descriptive study was carried on 78 clavicles, out of which 27 were of right side and 51 belonging to left side of unknown age and sex. The impressions for the attachment of costoclavicular ligament were observed. Bones were obtained from the Department of Anatomy, K. S. Hegde Medical Academy, Deralakatte, Mangalore. The results were tabulated and percentages were calculated. RESULTS Inferior surface of sternal end of clavicle provides attachment for costoclavicular ligament. The impression is well-demarcated from the rest of the bone in most of the cases and invariably oval in outline and showed distinctive types of surface projection. In this study 78 clavicles comprising of 27 right and 51 left were taken and impressions were noticed, i.e. flat and smooth (FS), rough and elevated (RE), depressed and rough (DR), flat and rough (FR) and no impression. We found 6 (6.4%) flat and smooth (FS), 38 (48.7%) rough and elevated (RE), 23 (29.5%) depressed and rough (DR) and 6 (6.4%) flat and rough (FR) impressions on the clavicle. Out of 78 clavicles, 5 of them had no impressions. CONCLUSION The most common type of pattern of attachment of costoclavicular area on the clavicle is rough and elevated. The knowledge of morphological variation of costoclavicular impression area is clinically useful for radiologists and orthopaedicians.

Morphology and Anthropometry of Rhomboid Impression of Clavicle and its Clinical Applications – A South Indian Population Study

“…[2] The shape of the impression is most commonly described as oval-shaped and the size of the impression was measured to be more than 2 cm. [5,16] Cave et al demonstrated on 153 European adult clavicles that the flat and rough impression was the most common type (31.3%) followed by the flat and smooth (27.5%) which is contrary to our present study. [10] In North-eastern Thais(476 clavicles), the authors observed no side differences and 76.26% of clavicles showed elevated impression which is higher than that of our present study.…”

Incidence of Rhomboid Impression in the Adult Human Clavicles

“…The impression was found in 100% clavicles in the present study was in accordance with study done by Rai R and Shrestha S (2014). Rathnakar P et al, (2018) in their study found that impression on inferior surface of medial two third of clavicle i.e. rhomboid impression was absent in 6.4% clavicles which negated the results of present study.…”

Morphological Study of Attachment of Costoclavicular Ligament on the Dry Human Clavicles in North Indian Population

“…In a study carried out at Lucknow by Anita Rani and her coworkers, rhomboid fossa was the most common outcome in clavicles of Indian origin. 21 Even the absence of costoclavicular ligament has been described by Tubbs et al [22][23][24][25][26][27][28] In our present study following findings were observed in 100 clavicles 50 on the right side and 50 on the left side with unknown age and sex. In our study, we reported flat and smooth in 18 bones (18%), flat and rough in 19 bones (19%), elevated and rough in 33 bones (33%), and depressed and rough in 13 bones (13%).…”