Morphological Studies on the Development of the Toxoplasma Cyst *

Matsubayashi, Hisakichi; Akao, Shinkichi

doi:10.4269/ajtmh.1963.12.321

Cited by 41 publications

(16 citation statements)

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“…rapportée par plusieurs auteurs (Matsubayashi et Akao, 1963 ;Hoff et al, 1977 ;Rondanelli et al, 1981 ;Jones et al, 1986). Outre les études ultrastructurales, des méthodes biologiques ont permis de prouver la réalité de la présence de bradyzoïtes.…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…-La nature de la cellule hôte n'apparaît pas fondamentale : les kystes ont été décrits in vitro dans des cellules Hela (Matsubayashi et Akao, 1963), des cellules VERO de rein de singe (Rondanelli et al, 1977), des fibroblastes de singes, de souris, des fibroblastes humains (Schwartzman, 1987), des astrocytes (Jones et al, 1986). In vivo, la localisation préférentielle des kystes dans les neurones et les cellules musculaires pourrait être due au fait qu'il s'agit de cellules à longue durée de vie dans lesquelles le kyste peut rester longtemps à l'abri des phénomènes immuni taires (Ferguson et Hutchinson, 1987).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Toxoplasma gondii:Étude ultrastructurale des formations kystiques observées en culture de fibroblastes humains

Dardé¹,

Bouteille²,

Leboutet

et al. 1989

Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp.

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Toxoplasma gondii: Ultrastructure of cyst-like forms observed in human fibroblasts cell culture.SUMMARY. A strain of Toxoplasma gondii, non pathogenic to mice (Prugniaud strain) produced cyst-like stages when inoculated in human fibroblast culture. An ultrastructural study was performed in order to compare these cyst-like forms to brain cysts of the same strain and to intracellular clusters of tachyzoites observed in mice TG 180 sar coma cells.Electron microscopy confirmed the similarities between brain cysts and cysts obtained in vitro.

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Section: Discussionunclassified

Toxoplasma gondii:Étude ultrastructurale des formations kystiques observées en culture de fibroblastes humains

Dardé¹,

Bouteille²,

Leboutet

et al. 1989

Ann. Parasitol. Hum. Comp.

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show abstract

“…Nonetheless Matsubayashi suggested in 1963 that strains with a slower rate of replication were more likely to develop cysts in vitro and that a slowing the replication of virulent strains could also allow cysts to develop in vitro (83). Given the morphologic similarity of bradyzoites and tachyzoites the use of light microscopy to study differentiation was difficult and subjective.…”

Section: The Development Of Cysts and Bradyzoites In Vitromentioning

confidence: 99%

The development and biology of bradyzoites of toxoplasma gondii

Weiss

Kim²

2000

Front Biosci

212

188

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“…One reason for this is the relative ease in culturing these stages in the laboratory, both in tissue culture and the mouse model. Tachyzoites grow well in various cell lines, such as human foreskin fibroblasts (HFFs), and bradyzoites can be induced in vitro [12, 13] via cellular stresses [14, 15] or in vivo . These culturing methods have allowed researchers to develop an extensive molecular toolbox for Toxoplasma, resulting in an increased understanding of its biology including host cell invasion and egress [16], how the parasite modulates the intracellular environment [17], and the identification and characterization of virulence factors that allow the parasite to evade host innate immune defenses [18].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Toxoplasma gondii merozoite gene expression analysis with comparison to the life cycle discloses a unique expression state during enteric development

et al. 2014

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BackgroundConsiderable work has been carried out to understand the biology of tachyzoites and bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii in large part due to in vitro culture methods for these stages. However, culturing methods for stages that normally develop in the gut of the definitive felid host, including the merozoite and sexual stages, have not been developed hindering the ability to study a large portion of the parasite’s life cycle. Here, we begin to unravel the molecular aspects of enteric stages by providing new data on merozoite stage gene expression.ResultsTo profile gene expression differences in enteric stages we harvested merozoites from the intestine of infected cats and hybridized mRNA to the Affymetrix Toxoplasma GeneChip. We analyzed the merozoite data in context of the life cycle by comparing it to previously published data for the oocyst, tachyzoite, and bradyzoite stages. Principal component analysis highlighted the unique profile of merozoites, placing them approximately half-way on a continuum between the tachyzoite/bradyzoite and oocyst samples. Prior studies have shown that antibodies to surface antigen one (SAG1) and many dense granule proteins do not label merozoites: our microarray data confirms that these genes were not expressed at this stage. Also, the expression for many rhoptry and microneme proteins was drastically reduced while the expression for many surface antigens was increased at the merozoite stage. Gene Ontology and KEGG analysis revealed that genes involved in transcription/translation and many metabolic pathways were upregulated at the merozoite stage, highlighting unique growth requirements of this stage. To functionally test these predictions, we demonstrated that an upstream promoter region of a merozoite specific gene was sufficient to control expression in merozoites in vivo.ConclusionsMerozoites are the first developmental stage in the coccidian cycle that takes place within the gut of the definitive host. The data presented here describe the global gene expression profile of the merozoite stage and the creation of transgenic parasite strains that show stage-specific expression of reporter genes in the cat intestine. These data and reagents will be useful in unlocking how the parasite senses and responds to the felid gut environment to initiate enteric development.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1471-2164-15-350) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Morphological Studies on the Development of the Toxoplasma Cyst *

Cited by 41 publications

References 0 publications

Toxoplasma gondii:Étude ultrastructurale des formations kystiques observées en culture de fibroblastes humains

Toxoplasma gondii:Étude ultrastructurale des formations kystiques observées en culture de fibroblastes humains

The development and biology of bradyzoites of toxoplasma gondii

Toxoplasma gondii merozoite gene expression analysis with comparison to the life cycle discloses a unique expression state during enteric development

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