Morphological Studies of the Pelvic Plexus of the Pig

Tsaknakis, A. A.

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1971.tb00583.x

Cited by 10 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 10 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…The sensory pattern from the UBT, which resembles the one observed in porcine pelvic viscera, i.e., the vas deferens (Kaleczyc et al,2002) and uterus (Wasowicz et al,1998), is most probably related to the manner in which the afferent nerve fibers reach the UB. In the pig, the pelvic nerve stems from the third (and sometimes also the second) sacral spinal nerve (Tsaknakis,1971). UBT sensory neurons located in L4–L5 DRG probably send their processes through the hypogastric nerve.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurochemical features of boar lumbosacral dorsal root ganglion neurons and characterization of sensory neurons innervating the urinary bladder trigone

Russo

Clavenzani

Sorteni

et al. 2012

J of Comparative Neurology

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Porcine lumbosacral dorsal root ganglion (DRG) neurons were neurochemically characterized by using six neuronal markers: calcitonin gene‐related peptide (CGRP), substance P (SP), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS), neurofilament 200kDa (NF200), transient receptor potential vanilloid 1 (TRPV1), and isolectin B4 (IB4) from Griffonia simplicifolia. In addition, the phenotype and cross‐sectional area of DRG neurons innervating the urinary bladder trigone (UBT) were evaluated by coupling retrograde tracer technique and immunohistochemistry. Lumbar and sacral DRG neuronal subpopulations were immunoreactive (IR) for CGRP (30 ± 3% and 29 ± 3%, respectively), SP (26 ± 8% and 27 ± 12%, respectively), nNOS (21 ± 4% and 26 ± 7%, respectively), NF200 (75 ± 14% and 81 ± 7%, respectively), and TRPV1 (48 ± 13% and 43 ± 6%, respectively), and labeled for IB4 (56 ± 6% and 43 ± 10%, respectively). UBT sensory neurons, which were distributed from L2 to Ca1 DRG, had a segmental localization, showing their highest density in L4–L5 and S2–S4 DRG. Lumbar and sacral UBT sensory neurons expressed similar percentages of NF200 immunoreactivity (64 ± 33% and 58 ± 12%, respectively) but showed a significantly different immunoreactivity for CGRP, SP, nNOS, and TRPV1 (56 ± 9%, 39 ± 15%, 17 ± 13%, 62 ± 10% vs. 16 ± 6%, 16 ± 11%, 6 ± 1%, 45 ± 24%, respectively). Lumbar and sacral UBT sensory neurons also showed different IB4 labeling (67 ± 19% and 48 ± 16, respectively). Taken together, these data indicate that the lumbar and sacral pathways probably play different roles in sensory transmission from the UBT. The findings related to cell size also reinforced this hypothesis, because lumbar UBT sensory neurons were significantly larger than sacral ones (1,112 ± 624 μm2 vs. 716 ± 421 μm2). J. Comp. Neurol. 521:342–366, 2013. © 2012 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurochemical features of boar lumbosacral dorsal root ganglion neurons and characterization of sensory neurons innervating the urinary bladder trigone

Russo

Clavenzani

Sorteni

et al. 2012

J of Comparative Neurology

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“…The segmental ganglia and the SC were collected from Th11 to Ca2. The PP was identified and collected according to the indications provided by Tsaknakis, 19 Panu et al ., 20 and Sienkiewicz 21 . Data regarding the DRG have already been published elsewhere 14 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Localization of peripheral autonomic neurons innervating the boar urinary bladder trigone and neurochemical features of the sympathetic component

et al. 2013

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The urinary bladder trigone (UBT) is a limited area through which the majority of vessels and nerve fibers penetrate into the urinary bladder and where nerve fibers and intramural neurons are more concentrated. We localized the extramural post-ganglionic autonomic neurons supplying the porcine UBT by means of retrograde tracing (Fast Blue, FB). Moreover, we investigated the phenotype of sympathetic trunk ganglia (STG) and caudal mesenteric ganglia (CMG) neurons positive to FB (FB+) by coupling retrograde tracing and double-labeling immunofluorescence methods. A mean number of 1845.1±259.3 FB+ neurons were localized bilaterally in the L1-S3 STG, which appeared as small pericarya (465.6±82.7 µm2) mainly localized along an edge of the ganglion. A large number (4287.5±1450.6) of small (476.1±103.9 µm2) FB+ neurons were localized mainly along a border of both CMG. The largest number (4793.3±1990.8) of FB+ neurons was observed in the pelvic plexus (PP), where labeled neurons were often clustered within different microganglia and had smaller soma cross-sectional area (374.9±85.4 µm2). STG and CMG FB+ neurons were immunoreactive (IR) for tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) (66±10.1% and 52.7±8.2%, respectively), dopamine beta-hydroxylase (DβH) (62±6.2% and 52±6.2%, respectively), neuropeptide Y (NPY) (59±8.2% and 65.8±7.3%, respectively), calcitonin-gene-related peptide (CGRP) (24.1±3.3% and 22.1±3.3%, respectively), substance P (SP) (21.6±2.4% and 37.7±7.5%, respectively), vasoactive intestinal polypeptide (VIP) (18.9±2.3% and 35.4±4.4%, respectively), neuronal nitric oxide synthase (nNOS) (15.3±2% and 32.9±7.7%, respectively), vesicular acetylcholine transporter (VAChT) (15±2% and 34.7±4.5%, respectively), leuenkephalin (LENK) (14.3±7.1% and 25.9±8.9%, respectively), and somatostatin (SOM) (12.4±3% and 31.8±7.3%, respectively). UBT-projecting neurons were also surrounded by VAChT-, CGRP-, LENK-, and nNOSIR fibers. The possible role of these neurons and fibers in the neural pathways of the UBT is discussed.

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“…It is interesting that cutting the right pelvic nerve did not fully eliminate labelling in the sacral ipsilateral SChG. It should be stressed that in the pig, not only hypogastric and pelvic nerves but also the pelvic branch of the pudendal nerve contribute to the pelvic plexus [Tsaknakis, 1971]. Thus, it can be assumed that some SChG neurons labelled after cutting the pelvic nerve project thorough this intact branch of the pudendal nerve, approaching the caudal part of the pelvic plexus at the level of the caudal pole of the BG.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distribution and Nerve Pathways of Neurons Supplying the Bulbourethral Gland in the Pig

Klimczuk

Kaleczyc

2010

Cells Tissues Organs

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The present study has disclosed for the first time the distribution and peripheral nerve pathways of autonomic and primary afferent neurons projecting to the bulbourethral gland (BG) in a mammalian species, the pig (n = 5), using combined retrograde tracing and cutting the hypogastric (n = 3) or pelvic (n = 3) nerve. Neurons projecting to the right BG were found in pelvic ganglia (PG), sympathetic chain ganglia (SChG; L2–S3), the caudal mesenteric ganglion (CaMG) and dorsal root ganglia (DRG; L1–L3, S1–S3). In general, the majority (about 75%) of them were located in the ipsilateral ganglia. Results of denervation experiments suggest that the neurons located in CaMG, and lumbar SChG and DRG project through the hypogastric nerve while processes of those found in the sacral SChG and DRG travel through the pelvic nerve or pelvic branch of the pudendal nerve. Moreover, the results obtained also suggest that the ‘crossing points’ (i.e. the areas where nerve fibres reach the opposite side) for the neurons found in the contralateral CaMG are located partly at the level of this ganglion and, for a smaller number of the nerve cells, at the level of the pelvic plexus. The crossing points for the SChG and DRG neurons are probably situated at the level of sympathetic chains and, for sacral SChG neurons, at the level of the pelvic plexus. The diversity of sources of the nerve supply to the porcine BG corresponds well with the variety (as previously distinguished with immunohistochemistry) of its intrinsic nerve fibre populations.

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Morphological Studies of the Pelvic Plexus of the Pig

Cited by 10 publications

References 10 publications

Neurochemical features of boar lumbosacral dorsal root ganglion neurons and characterization of sensory neurons innervating the urinary bladder trigone

Neurochemical features of boar lumbosacral dorsal root ganglion neurons and characterization of sensory neurons innervating the urinary bladder trigone

Localization of peripheral autonomic neurons innervating the boar urinary bladder trigone and neurochemical features of the sympathetic component

Distribution and Nerve Pathways of Neurons Supplying the Bulbourethral Gland in the Pig

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