Morphological, structural, and functional characterization of the haemocytes of the scallop, Argopecten irradians

Haemocytes of the cockle Cerastoderma glaucum: Morphological characterisation and involvement in immune responses

“…Although in C. glaucum both granulocytes and hyalinocytes (except acidophil hyalinocytes) were shown to phagocytise yeast cells, granulocytes appeared to be more active than hyalinocytes, in agreement with the results of previous studies [10,11,17,40,46,47]. Conversely, our results are clearly in contrast with those reported for M. edulis [48], T. semidecussatus [49], Tridacna crocea [50] and C. edule [34], in which only one haemocyte type (granulocytes) are involved in phagocytosis.…”

“…Likewise, high percentages of granulocytes have previously been observed in other bivalve species, such as the clam T. philippinarum and the cockle C. edule [14,39]. Conversely, higher percentages of hyalinocytes were found in the clam Chamelea gallina (79%) [41], the mussel Perna viridis (60%) [42] and the scallop A. irradians (55%) [40]. In addition, two further haemocyte types, haemoblasts (19%), like stem cells, and serous cells (1%), containing non-sulphate acid mucopolysaccharides, have been identified in the haemolymph of T. philippinarum [14]; undifferentiated blast cells (4.3%) were also found in C. gallina [41].…”

“…Possible relationships between these factors and THC will be better evaluated in future studies. In C. glaucum, haemocyte mean number (5.5 Â 10 5 cells/mL) was lower than that of other bivalves (5.68 Â 10 6 cells/mL in M. edulis, 4.54 Â 10 6 cells/mL in C. edule, 6.48 Â 10 6 cells/mL in Ensis siliqua [39]), up to 37.5 Â 10 6 cells/mL in Argopecten irradians [40]. This difference in THC values may be due to the differing experimental procedures used to determine circulating haemocyte mean number, as in previous studies THC analysis was measured in pools of haemolymph obtained from various individuals, and by haemocyte observations under a light microscope using a haemocytometer (Buerker chamber).…”

Morphologic, cytometric and functional characterisation of abalone (Haliotis tuberculata) haemocytes

“…Both cell types have been described in clams (Mya arenaria [36], Mercenaria mercenaria [37], Ruditapes philippinarum [15,38], Ruditapes decussatus [14], Meretrix lusoria [13]), mussels (Mytilus edulis [39], Mytilus galloprovinciallis [40], Perna perna [41]), and oysters (Ostrea edulis, Crassostrea gigas [42], Crassostrea rhizophorae [43]). Pectinids were considered for a long time as the only bivalve group that lacked granulocytes [12]; however, recently two pectinid species, Argopectens irradians [44] and Chlamys farreri [35], were shown to contain granulocytes. This fact underlines again the difficulty to detect the presence of granules, and to classify haemocytes.…”

Relationship between quality of pearl cultured in the triangle mussel Hyriopsis cumingii of different ages and its immune mechanism

“…The phagocytosis assay was adapted from the assay described by Zhang et al (2006), with some changes. Staphylococcus aureus was grown overnight at 37°C in Luria-Bertani broth.…”