Morphological Seeds Descriptors for Characterize and Differentiate Genotypes of Opuntia (Cactaceae, Opuntioideae)

Samah, Samir; Valadez-Moctezuma, Ernestina

doi:10.9734/arrb/2014/11606

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This result was expected, because the fruit has been the organ of interest during the domestication process, and, as a result, has high morphological variability but not necessarily high genetic variability. According to Samah and Valadez-Moctezuma (2014), the absence of pulp and the presence of an edible pericarp and small seeds are the most significant morphological differences between prickly pears and xoconostles. However, no clear separation between xoconostles and prickly pears has been found using RAPD and ISSR markers , biochemical markers (seed storage proteins), or SSR markers (Samah et al, , 2016.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic divergence between Mexican Opuntia accessions inferred by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis

Samah

Valadez-Moctezuma

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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ABSTRACT. Molecular methods are powerful tools in characterizing and determining relationships between plants. The aim of this study was to study genetic divergence between 103 accessions of Mexican Opuntia. To accomplish this, polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis of three chloroplast intergenic spacers (atpB-rbcL, trnL-trnF, and psbA-trnH), one chloroplast gene (ycf1), two nuclear genes (ppc and PhyC), and one mitochondrial gene (cox3) was conducted. The amplified products from all the samples had very similar molecular sizes, and there were only very small differences between the undigested PCR amplicons for all regions, with the exception of ppc. We obtained 5850 bp from the seven regions, and 136 fragments were detected with eight enzymes, 37 of which (27.2%) were polymorphic. We found that 40% of the fragments from the chloroplast regions were polymorphic, 9.8% of the bands detected in the nuclear genes were polymorphic, and 20% of the bands in the mitochondrial locus were polymorphic. trnL-trnF and psbA-trnH were the most variable regions. The Nei and Li/Dice distance was very short, and ranged from 0 to 0.12; indeed, 77 of the 103 genotypes had the same genetic profile. All the xoconostle accessions (acidic fruits) were grouped together without being separated from three genotypes of prickly pear (sweet fruits). We assume that the genetic divergence between prickly pears and xoconostles is very low, and question the number of Opuntia species currently considered in Mexico.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic divergence between Mexican Opuntia accessions inferred by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis

Samah

Valadez-Moctezuma

et al. 2016

Genet. Mol. Res.

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“…Dactylopius opuntiae has been reported on several species of Opuntiaceae, whose systematics is exceedingly complex. Here, we refer to the taxonomic classification provided by Samah & Valadez‐Moctezuma () and to The Plant List () for the accepted Latin names of the host plant species (Table ).…”

Section: Biologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Dactylopius opuntiae, a new prickly pear cactus pest in the Mediterranean: an overview

Mazzeo

Nucifora

Russo

et al. 2019

Entomologia Exp Applicata

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The Opuntia cochineal scale or false carmine cochineal scale, Dactylopius opuntiae (Cockerell) (Hemiptera: Dactylopiidae), is spreading rapidly in many countries, especially in the Mediterranean basin, where it has become a serious pest of prickly pear crops, Opuntia ficus‐indica (L.) Miller (Cactaceae). This crop is an important food resource both for humans and livestock. The cochineal was originally used as a biological agent to control cactaceous weeds in many countries where Opuntiaceae had been introduced. Currently, in some countries where the prickly pear is no longer considered a weed but a productive crop, as in the Mediterranean area, D. opuntiae has changed its role from a highly prized biological control agent to the status of serious pest. This paper provides an overview of the current knowledge on D. opuntiae for farmers and stakeholders in order to indicate the most appropriate way to limit or counteract the spread of this pest especially in new cultivated areas.

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“…The xoconostles (from Nahuatl: xoco = acid, noxtle = tuna) have a thick inner edible wall and a thin outer wall that is not easily detached. The name xoconostle is used indifferently to refer to acidic fruits as well to Opuntia plants that produce such fruits (Reyes-Agüero et al, 2005;Scheinvar et al, 2009;Samah and Valadez-Moctezuma, 2014). In contrast, tunas are fruits with abundant pulp, generally sugary and thin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential role of transposable elements to differentiate tuna and xoconostle Opuntia varieties

Valadez-Moctezuma¹,

Flores-Cantoriano²,

Samah³

2018

J PROF ASSOC CACTUS

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Opuntia, an important horticultural crop in Mexico, is cultivated mainly for its two fruitsvariants: sweet fruits or prickly pears (tunas) and acidic fruits (xoconostles). The interretrotransposonamplified polymorphism (IRAP) technique was applied to evaluate geneticdiversity of Opuntia varieties and to differentiate xoconostle fruits from tunas. Five IRAPprimers previously described for other plant species and classified into three retrotransposonfamilies, namely Copia, Gypsy and TRIM, were analysed in 43 Opuntia varieties (eightxoconostles and 35 tunas). The five individual IRAP primers generated a total of 264fragments, where 64.8 % of them were polymorphics. The retrotransposon of the Gypsyfamily (60 fragments) was more represented than Copia (average of 52 fragments) or TRIM(48 fragments) families. Moreover, the percentage of polymorphic fragments was higher (61.9%) in xoconostles than in tunas (56.5 %). A larger number of total amplified fragments (262)was found among tunas, compared to those amplified from xoconostle varieties (257fragments). In contrast, a lower number of polymorphic bands were counted among tunas(148) than among xoconostle varieties (159). Unlike the UPGMA analysis, where three of thexoconostle-producing varieties were grouped with other tunas, the PCoA analysis allowed abetter separation of all xoconostle varieties. These results suggest a potential role of thetransposable elements in genetic divergence within the Opuntia genus.

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Morphological Seeds Descriptors for Characterize and Differentiate Genotypes of Opuntia (Cactaceae, Opuntioideae)

Cited by 7 publications

References 23 publications

Genetic divergence between Mexican Opuntia accessions inferred by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis

Genetic divergence between Mexican Opuntia accessions inferred by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis

Dactylopius opuntiae, a new prickly pear cactus pest in the Mediterranean: an overview

Potential role of transposable elements to differentiate tuna and xoconostle Opuntia varieties

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