Morphological processes of two artificial submerged shore-parallel sandbars for beach nourishment in a nearshore zone

Morphodynamic Evolution of a Nourished Beach with Artificial Sandbars: Field Observations and Numerical Modeling

“…The beach nourishment took place in the northeast of Qinhuangdao, China, which is close to the renowned tourist attraction, Shanhai Pass, the eastern end of the Great Wall. Qinhuangdao is a coastal city, 280 km east of Beijing, located at the coast of the northwestern Bohai Sea [37]. Qinhuangdao is one of the most famous sea resorts known for its plentiful high-quality sandy beaches including Shanhai pass.…”

“…A lot of previous morphodynamic model studies of beach nourishment assumed a single-fraction sediment with uniform diameter [36][37][38][39][40]. During beach nourishments, however, it is a common practice to apply filling sand slightly larger than the original beach sand in order to slow down the erosion the introduced sand from the beach system [41].…”

“…Nearly 45% of the beaches in Qinhuangdao, approximately 80 km long, are not up to the standard of tourism due to shortened beach width, steepened slope, and coarser sand arising from chronic erosion. To tackle the erosion, the local government implemented a series of beach nourishment projects [37,[49][50][51][52] together with submerged breakwaters, artificial headlands, submerged sandbars. However, too many coastal protection structures that calm the hydrodynamic environment too much may cause water quality degeneration.…”

Nonhydrostatic Numerical Modeling of Fixed and Mobile Barred Beaches: Limitations of Depth-Averaged Wave Resolving Models around Sandbars

“…Submerged sandbars (Fig. 1) represent an important morphological feature that has implications for human activities in coastal zones (e.g., tourism and surfing) as well as for coastal protection against coastal erosion (Kuang et al 2019;Poate 2011). Sandbars dissipate wave energy through depth-induced wave breaking and reduce wave period through nonlinear dispersive wave transformation in the surf zone (Cohn et al 2014;Kuznetsova and Saprykina 2019;Mulligan et al 2019).…”

Sand-mud transition dynamics at embayed beaches during a typhoon season in eastern China

“…In the past few decades, approximately 50% of China's sandy coasts have been degraded due to erosion (Third Institute of Oceanography, 2010), and numerous protection practices have been implemented on beaches (Cai et al, 2011;Kuang et al, 2019;Luo et al, 2016). The Zhoushan Archipelago is a popular tourist destination of Zhejiang Province, China, with more than 30 embayed beaches, of which the beaches on the east coast of Zhujiajian Island, are particularly famous (Xia, 2014).…”