Morphological/nanostructural control toward intrinsically stretchable organic electronics

Ma, Rujun; Chou, Shu-Yu; Xie, Yongchun; Pei, Qibing

doi:10.1039/c8cs00834e

Cited by 120 publications

(96 citation statements)

References 336 publications

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“…Organic electronics provide a promising alternative to traditional semiconductor-based technologies due to biocompatibility, mechanical flexibility, and synthetically tailorable properties. [1][2][3] The organic electronics field is diverse with its most prominent subfield being organic light emitting diodes (OLEDs), which have shown notable commercial success. Aside from flexibility and potential for use in displays, organic electronics are interchangeable with many semiconducting and conductive materials for standard applications 4 and have the potential to enable new device architectures in electrochemical systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure-dependent electrochemical properties of chemical-vapor deposited poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films

et al. 2019

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microstructure-dependent electrochemical properties of chemical-vapor deposited poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films

et al. 2019

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“…Based on the development of intrinsically soft electronic materials (e.g., stretchable conductors and semiconductors), a variety of stretchable electronic devices, such as sensors, [128][129][130] actuators, [131,132] transistors, [107,137] optoelectronic devices, [88,119,133] wireless communication devices, [39,134] energy harvesting/ storage devices, [71,135,136] and their integrated systems, [137,138] could be developed. Unlike the structural approach, which requires a structural design strategy to manage the applied strain, these intrinsically stretchable devices can endure applied strain on their own, leading to increased fill factors and/or enabling high-density device integration.…”

Section: Fabrication Of Intrinsically Stretchable Electronic Devicesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material‐Based Approaches for the Fabrication of Stretchable Electronics

et al. 2019

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exhibits high potential for a wide range of bio-electronics applications that need to be mechanically deformable, such as personalized healthcare systems, [4,5] wearable smart displays, [6][7][8] and implantable prosthetic devices, [9][10][11] while rigid electronics suffer in fully exhibiting their original performance on such applications.The evolution of stretchable electronics was initially driven by advancements in human bio-signal sensing technologies. A variety of stretchable sensors, such as thermal sensors (e.g., temperature, thermal conductivity), [12][13][14] mechanical sensors (e.g., strain, pressure), [15][16][17] optical sensors (e.g., pulse oximetry, photoplethysmogram (PPG)), [6,18,19] electrophysiology (EP) sensors (e.g., electroencephalogram (EEG), electrocardiogram (ECG)), [20][21][22] and biochemical sensors (e.g., glucose, pH), [23][24][25][26] have been developed aided by unconventional electronic materials and device designs. As these stretchable sensors tend to mimic the unique mechanical properties of soft and deformable human tissues, stable conformal contact between these sensors and human skin and/or internal organs is achievable. This unique biotic/abiotic interfacing results in outstanding sensing accuracies and extraordinary signal-to-noise ratios that surpass the performance of rigid bio-sensing devices.As stretchable sensor technology has evolved, there has been a growing demand for other stretchable electronic components capable of processing signals retrieved from stretchable sensors. The stretchable electronics research direction has therefore moved toward building stretchable integrated electronic systems that consist not only of stretchable sensory components, but also of other advanced stretchable electronic components for signal processing, feedback actuation, real-time display, wireless communication, and power supply. [27,28] Considerable research effort has been devoted by material scientists and device engineers to achieving fully integrated stretchable electronic systems.The research approaches to such stretchable sensors, additional electronic components, and fully integrated systems are largely categorized by two strategies, namely the "structurebased" and "material-based" approaches. For the structurebased approach, technologies for conventional electronics are utilized to build stretchable electronic systems in which the superb performance of conventional electronics can be fully Stretchable electronics are mechanically compatible with a variety of objects, especially with the soft curvilinear contours of the human body, enabling human-friendly electronics applications that could not be achieved with conventional rigid electronics. Therefore, extensive research effort has been devoted to the development of stretchable electronics, from research on materials and unit device, to fully integrated systems. In particular, material-processing technologies that encompass the synthesis, assembly, and patterning of intrinsically stretchable electronic materials have been ac...

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“…The semiconductor, which determines the electrical properties of transistors, is the most important component in transistors. Traditional semiconductors are mechanically nonstretchable (rigid and brittle), which restricts the development of technologies such as wearable electronics, biomedical devices, and healthcare systems . Most of the efforts to realize stretchable electronics using mechanically nonstretchable semiconductors typically involve implementing structural engineering strategies such as wrinkles, kirigami,, and microcracks .…”

Section: Rubbery Semiconductorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rubbery Electronics Fully Made of Stretchable Elastomeric Electronic Materials

2019

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processes, and device structures have been transforming traditional wafer electronics to be soft, stretchy, and reconfigurable. In particular, owing to their superior mechanical characteristics, i.e., soft, bendable, stretchable, and twistable, stretchable electronics hold promise in health monitors, [1] medical implants, [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10] artificial skins, [5,6,[11][12][13][14][15] human-machine interfaces, [11,[16][17][18][19][20] wearable internet of things, [21][22][23][24] etc.As the core and fundamental building block of active electronics, transistors constructed from semiconductors, conductors, and dielectrics are key to enabling electrical functionalities such as switching and amplification. To make transistors stretchable, either the associated electronic materials need to be stretchable or special mechanical structures and layouts need to be included in the transistor design. There are many studies reporting stretchable conductors, as reviewed in the following, while many readily available dielectric materials are stretchy. These have significantly offered many possible options in the device design space. To date, the dominant semiconductors employed for stretchable electronics are either conventional or emerging semiconductors. However, these materials, either in the format of inorganics (such as Si, GaAs, oxides) or organics (such as poly(3-hexylthiophene-2,5-diyl) or P3HT, pentacene), are mechanically nonstretchable. [20,21] Existing strategies to make these nonstretchable semiconductors stretchable mainly involve creating special mechanical structures or architectures with these materials, such as out-of-plane wrinkles, [25,26] in-plane serpentines, [27,28] rigid islands with deformable interconnects, [29][30][31] and kirigami architectures, [32][33][34] to eliminate mechanical strain while they are stretched. However, these approaches require sophisticated structural designs, complicated manufacturing processes, or consume a large area due to stretchable interconnection, all of which pose substantial challenges in high-density integration, packaging, associated high cost, and mass production.Constructing devices all from intrinsically stretchable elastomeric electronic materials offers another interesting yet promising route toward stretchable transistors and electronics. These types of electronics, namely rubbery electronics, neatly avoid the aforementioned challenges since they do not require structural engineering for device fabrication and the manufacturing processes can be adopted into conventional fabrication processes. [29,35] In addition, rubbery electronics offer better cost Stretchable electronics outperform existing rigid and bulky electronics and benefit a wide range of species, including humans, machines, and robots, whose activities are associated with large mechanical deformation and strain. Due to the nonstretchable nature of most electronic materials, in particular semiconductors, stretchable electronics are mostly realized through the strategies of architectural engine...

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Morphological/nanostructural control toward intrinsically stretchable organic electronics

Abstract: The development of intrinsically stretchable electronics poses great challenges in synthesizing elastomeric conductors, semiconductors and dielectric materials.

Cited by 120 publications

References 336 publications

Microstructure-dependent electrochemical properties of chemical-vapor deposited poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films

Microstructure-dependent electrochemical properties of chemical-vapor deposited poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT) films

Material‐Based Approaches for the Fabrication of Stretchable Electronics

Rubbery Electronics Fully Made of Stretchable Elastomeric Electronic Materials

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