Morphological, molecular characterization and taxonomic status of Triplophysa marmorata and Triplophysa kashmirensis (Cypriniformes: Nemacheilidae) from Kashmir valley, India

Abstract

<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">The present study was aimed to characterize two important fish species of genus <em>Triplophysa</em> i.e. <em>Triplophysa marmorata</em> and <em>Triplophysa kashmirensis</em> from Kashmir valley by using morphometric and molecular tools. It is difficult to discriminate these two species due to the poor quality of the original descriptions and the lack of good reviews. Keeping this in view a morphometric and molecular study was conducted. Morphometric data were analyzed by using univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analyses (Principal component analysis) and mtDNA marker Cytochrome oxidase 1 was used for molecular support. Altogether, 22 morphometric characters were used and 15 characters were found significantly variable (P<0.05). First two components of principal component analysis (PCA) i.e. PC1 and PC2 grouped these two species into separate clusters. The Cytochrome oxidase 1 analysis showed that the mean intraspecific nucleotide divergence (K2P) was 0.001 and interspecific nucleotide divergence was 0.007. Despite having low K2P divergence, these two species got separated into two distinct clades in both Neighbour joining (NJ) and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) tree building methods. But the pattern of clade formation showed that these species were recently radiated from each other and may have the same ancestor. Furthermore, these two species were more close to Nemacheilidae than Balitoridae family in the phlyogenetic analysis. The molecular divergence between these species was also supported by variance in morphometric data. This work may build the base for the revision of taxonomic identity of these two important fishes of genus <em>Triplophysa</em>. The present investigation formulates that based on morphological and mtDNA COI sequences analysis these two taxonomic <em>Triplophysa</em> species should be considered as valid. The results may further assist to enhance the knowledge of the ichthyologists in understanding the ichthyofauna of Kashmir Valley and will help them in planning strategies for conservation and management of these less studied small indigenous species along their natural range of distribution.</span></p><p class="MsoNormal" style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size: 12.0pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman','serif';">The present study was aimed to characterize two important fish species of genus <em>Triplophysa</em> i.e. <em>Triplophysa marmorata</em> and <em>Triplophysa kashmirensis</em> from Kashmir valley by using morphometric and molecular tools. It is difficult to discriminate these two species due to the poor quality of the original descriptions and the lack of good reviews. Keeping this in view a morphometric and molecular study was conducted. Morphometric data were analyzed by using univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) and multivariate analyses (Principal component analysis) and mtDNA marker Cytochrome oxidase 1 was used for molecular support. Altogether, 22 morphometric characters were used and 15 characters were found significantly variable (P<0.05). First two components of principal component analysis (PCA) i.e. PC1 and PC2 grouped these two species into separate clusters. The Cytochrome oxidase 1 analysis showed that the mean intraspecific nucleotide divergence (K2P) was 0.001 and interspecific nucleotide divergence was 0.007. Despite having low K2P divergence, these two species got separated into two distinct clades in both Neighbour joining (NJ) and Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic Mean (UPGMA) tree building methods. But the pattern of clade formation showed that these species were recently radiated from each other and may have the same ancestor. Furthermore, these two species were more close to Nemacheilidae than Balitoridae family in the phlyogenetic analysis. The molecular divergence between these species was also supported by variance in morphometric data. This work may build the base for the revision of taxonomic identity of these two important fishes of genus <em>Triplophysa</em>. The present investigation formulates that based on morphological and mtDNA COI sequences analysis these two taxonomic <em>Triplophysa</em> species should be considered as valid. The results may further assist to enhance the knowledge of the ichthyologists in understanding the ichthyofauna of Kashmir Valley and will help them in planning strategies for conservation and management of these less studied small indigenous species along their natural range of distribution.</span></p>

Integrative approach for validation of six important fish species inhabiting River Poonch of north-west Himalayan region (India)

“…For both genes, the analysis of the transition transversion ratio for all the species showed a higher transition ratio as compared to transversion, which is in agreement with the study of different authors (Page and Holmes, 1998;Ward et al, 2005;Li et al, 2013;Chakraborty et al, 2014;Bashir et al, 2016;Sharma et al, 2016). Our results also revealed that the average mean distance for Cyt b was noted in the range from .00 to .14 for intra-species, whereas .16 to .20 for interspecies with .01 standard error.…”

Genetic Diversity and Cryptic Species Identification of Genus Triplophysa from River Swat in Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan

“…Unfortunately, as far as Nucleotide composition and genetic pairwise distance recommend that the calculated species of subfamily Nemacheilinae are organically dissimilar [6]. Te fsh diversity study was conducted to evaluate the genetic diversity and cryptic species identifcation of the genus Triplophysa in the fresh waters of Malakand Division through a molecular and morphological approaches [28]. In the present study three species (Triplophysa naziri, Triplophysa microps and Triplophysa choprai) of genus Triplophysa were recorded from River Swat in Malakand Division, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.…”

Reproductive Traits of an Endangered Loach, Triplophysa kashmirensis (Hora, 1922) in Kashmir Himalaya, India

“…The species remain attached to the stones. In India the distribution of genus Triplophysa has been reported only in the upper drainage of the river Indus in Jammu and Kashmir and Lahul and Spiti area of Himachal Pradesh [2]. Triplophysa kashmirensis is one of the important cyprinid fish species, indigenous to Kashmir which is found in almost all fresh water ecosystems of Kashmir.…”