Morphological Identification of Lepidii Seu Descurainiae Semen and Adulterant Seeds Using Microscopic Analysis

Song, Jun‐Ho; Moon, Byeong Cheol; Choi, Goya; Yang, Sungyu

doi:10.3390/app8112134

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…However, the results of the present study showed that seed length, septum length, and the eventual presence and features of the seed wing are diagnostic characteristics for the genus Lepidium. This result is coherent with studies using seed characteristics for taxonomic studies in Lepidium (31,34,35).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Numerical Taxonomic Analysis on Some Lepidium L. taxa (Brassicaceae) from Turkey

Bona¹

2020

Eur J Biol

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to determine the effectiveness of the characters used in taxonomic classification, and to help solve taxonomical problems of this large genus at the specific and intraspecific levels by comparing the numerical results with classical taxonomic classification.Materials and Methods: This numerical taxonomic study is based on morphological data that come from a wide range of herbarium material and material collected in the wild. For the analyses, 14 taxa were studied. A range of characteristics of sepal, petal, stamen, silicle, pedicel, septum, stigma, and sinus that are considered to be taxonomically important in the genus were investigated. Morphological data, 90 character states, which belong to 55 characters scored as the binary state for each taxon were used in unweighted pair-group method using arithmetic averages and principle components analyses.Results: L. caespitosum, L. pumilum and L. cartilagineum are recognised at species rank, not subspecies or varieties. L. sativum ssp. sativum and L. sativum ssp. spinescens should be evaluated as two subspecies not synonyms of Lepidium sativum. The most effective characters for the delimitation of the studied taxa are seed length, the habitus of plant, sepal length, septum length, seed wings, the presence of swelling leaf residues on the base of the plant, pedicel length. Conclusion:Numerical analysis studies based on morphological data on Lepidium taxa growing in Turkey are a useful tool for solving the taxonomic problems of taxa belonging to the genus Lepidium.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 88%

Numerical Taxonomic Analysis on Some Lepidium L. taxa (Brassicaceae) from Turkey

Bona¹

2020

Eur J Biol

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“…The stubs were then coated with gold (Au) using an ion-sputtering device (Cressington Scientific Instruments 208HR; Watford, UK). The prepared floral organs and seeds were observed using a low voltage field emission scanning electron microscope (JEOL JSM-7000F; Tokyo, Japan) at an accelerating voltage of 15 kV with a working distance of 9–15 mm [53].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cuscuta Species Identification Based on the Morphology of Reproductive Organs and Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences

Park

Song

Yang

et al. 2019

IJMS

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The genus Cuscuta (Convolvulaceae) comprises well-known parasitic plants. Cuscuta species are scientifically valuable, as their life style causes extensive crop damage. Furthermore, dried seeds of C. chinensis are used as a Korean traditional herbal medicine. Despite the importance of Cuscuta species, it is difficult to distinguish these plants by the naked eye. Moreover, plastid sequence information available for Cuscuta species is limited. In this study, we distinguished between C. chinensis and C. japonica using morphological characterisation of reproductive organs and molecular characterisation of chloroplast genomes. The differences in morphological characteristics of reproductive organs such as style, stigma, infrastaminal scale, seed shape and testa ornamentation were useful for distinguishing between C. japonica and C. chinensis. Analysis of chloroplast genomes revealed drastic differences in chloroplast genome length and gene order between the two species. Although both species showed numerous gene losses and genomic rearrangements, chloroplast genomes showed highly similar structure within subgenera. Phylogenetic analysis of Cuscuta chloroplast genomes revealed paraphyletic groups within subgenera Monogynella and Grammica, which is consistent with the APG IV system of classification. Our results provide useful information for the taxonomic, phylogenetic and evolutionary analysis of Cuscuta and accurate identification of herbal medicine.

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“…Our previous study suggested that the morphological characteristics of reproductive organs, particularly testa ornamentation, can be used to distinguish between C. chinensis and C. japonica [ 60 ]. Recently, the availability of detailed seed micromorphology has provided valuable diagnostic characteristics for authenticating small medicinal seeds [ 51 , 52 ] and taxonomic identification [ 61 , 62 ]. In this study, micromorphological analysis using a scanning electron microscope revealed that Cuscuta seeds including CS (types I, II, and glabrous hilum) are easily distinguishable from the seeds of adulterant Perilla species (type III and glandular hairs on hilum).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Seeds are commonly used as traditional herbal medicines; however, commercial markets often sell mixed seeds from different species, including adulterants, within a single package, while some authentic medicinal seeds can be difficult to distinguish [ 49 , 50 ]. Therefore, multilateral approaches including microscopic analysis have been developed to authenticate and distinguish genuine species from congeneric species and adulterants such as Lepidii Seu Descurainiae Semen [ 51 ] and Pharbitidis Semen [ 52 ]. Microscopic authentication of medicinal materials has proven to be a highly reliable and accurate identification tool [ 8 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Therefore, multilateral approaches including microscopic analysis have been developed to authenticate and distinguish genuine species from congeneric species and adulterants such as Lepidii Seu Descurainiae Semen [ 51 ] and Pharbitidis Semen [ 52 ]. Microscopic authentication of medicinal materials has proven to be a highly reliable and accurate identification tool [ 8 , 51 , 52 , 53 , 54 ]. DNA barcoding has also been recognized as a powerful tool for identifying herbal medicines [ 55 , 56 ] because it is convenient, efficient, and accurate.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An Integrated Approach for Efficient and Accurate Medicinal Cuscutae Semen Identification

Park

Yang

Choi

et al. 2020

Plants

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To guarantee the safety and efficacy of herbal medicines, accurate identification and quality evaluation are crucial. The ripe dried seeds of Cuscuta australis R.Br. and C. chinensis Lam. are known as Cuscutae Semen (CS) and are widely consumed in Northeast Asia; however, the seeds of other species can be misidentified as CS owing to morphological similarities, leading to misuse. In this report, we propose a multilateral strategy combining microscopic techniques with statistical analysis and DNA barcoding using a genus-specific primer to facilitate the identification and authentication of CS. Morphology-based identification using microscopy revealed that the useful diagnostic characteristics included general shape, embryo exudation, hairiness, and testa ornamentation, which were used to develop an effective identification key. In addition, we conducted DNA barcoding-based identification to ensure accurate authentication. A novel DNA barcode primer was produced from the chloroplast rbcL gene by comparative analysis using Cuscuta chloroplast genome sequences, which allowed four Cuscuta species and adulterants to be discriminated completely. Therefore, this investigation overcame the limitations of universal DNA barcodes for Cuscuta species with high variability. We believe that this integrated approach will enable CS to be differentiated from other species, thereby improving its quality control and product safety in medicinal markets.

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Morphological Identification of Lepidii Seu Descurainiae Semen and Adulterant Seeds Using Microscopic Analysis

Cited by 10 publications

References 23 publications

Numerical Taxonomic Analysis on Some Lepidium L. taxa (Brassicaceae) from Turkey

Numerical Taxonomic Analysis on Some Lepidium L. taxa (Brassicaceae) from Turkey

Cuscuta Species Identification Based on the Morphology of Reproductive Organs and Complete Chloroplast Genome Sequences

An Integrated Approach for Efficient and Accurate Medicinal Cuscutae Semen Identification

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