Morphological Identification of Foodborne Pathogens Colonizing Rice Grains in South Asia

Reddy, K. R. N.; Farhana, Nazira I.; Wardah, A. R.; Salleh, Baharuddin

doi:10.3923/pjbs.2010.794.801

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…Some papers report the identification and the incidence of Aspergillus spp. colonising rice grains in South Asia (Reddy et al, 2010a), Brazil (de Carvalho et al, 2010Guimarães et al, 2010) and Nigeria (Somorin and Bankole, 2010); the detection of different mycotoxigenic fungi, including Aspergillus spp., regarded also stored rice in Africa (Surekha et al, 2011). Among these reports, only in Brazil low levels of aflatoxin contamination were reported (de Carvalho et al, 2010) and different Indian rice cultivars have been studied for the accumulation of AFB 1 after in vitro inoculation with A. flavus (Reddy et al, 2010b).…”

Section: 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling, predicting and mapping the emergence of aflatoxins in cereals in the EU due to climate change

Battilani

Rossi

Giorni

et al. 2012

EFS3

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Aflatoxin (AF) contamination in maize is of worldwide importance. Aspergillus flavus and A. parasiticus are the principal fungi responsible for AF production. Based on the current literature, AFs are not considered a problem in wheat and rice at harvest and no data were found on aspergilliwheat/rice interactions in the field. Data on the effects influencing the development of A. flavus and A. parasiticus on maize and maize kernel at harvest were collected; however data on A. parasiticus and AFB 2 -G 1 -G 2 were not sufficient for further use in predictive modelling. Thus, a model was developed to predict the risk of AFB 1 contamination, due to A. flavus, in maize at harvest and further adapted to wheat and rice as host crops. The Joint Research Centre of the EC provided a database with mean daily temperatures during emergence, flowering and harvesting of maize, wheat and rice. Meteorological data (temperature, relative humidity and rain) obtained from the LARS weather generator, were used as input for the modelling of crop phenology and A. flavus behaviour. The output was designed at a 50 x 50 km scale over the European territory and generated over 100 years, in three different climate scenarios (present and A2 and B2 storylines, or + 2 °C and + 5 °C scenarios, proposed by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change). Predictions showed a reduction in season length and an advance in flowering and harvest dates leading to an enlargement of the crop growing areas towards north EU, mainly for maize and rice, because earlier ripening could occur in these areas. The risk of A. flavus contamination was expected to increase in maize, both in the + 2 °C and + 5 °C scenarios, to be very low in wheat and to be absent in rice. Results were discussed and recommendations were made on data collection and prevention measures on AF risks.

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Section: 21mentioning

confidence: 99%

Modelling, predicting and mapping the emergence of aflatoxins in cereals in the EU due to climate change

Battilani

Rossi

Giorni

et al. 2012

EFS3

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“…Conidia diameter also shows slight variation in all the isolates. Variations in conidiophore length and conidia size of A. flavus and A. niger was also observed by Reddy et al (2010).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…Despite originating from different districts, isolates showed similarities in their morphological and cultural characteristics. There was not much variation in colony color and pigmentation of A. flavus and A. niger isolates (Reddy et al, 2010;Gautam and Bhadauria, 2012, Odhiambo et al, 2013and Baquiao et al, 2013 (Kumar et al, 2014, Navya et al, 2014and Amrita and Richa, 2014 have also reported significant differences in growth rate of Aspergillus isolates.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Prevalence and morphological characterization of Aspergillus isolates of maize ear rot in Punjab

Singh

Kaur

Hunjan

2016

JANS

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Among six fungal species viz.Aspergillus spp., Fusarium spp., Penicillum spp., Rhizopus spp., Trichoderma spp. and Alternaria spp. isolated from maize ear rot samples collected from five different districts of Punjab, the incidence of A. flavus was highest (42.15%) followed by Penicillium spp. (20.75%). The maximum frequency of A. flavus (57.10%) was found in Hoshiarpur district, closely followed by Jalandhar. In all, thirty nine isolates of Aspergillus spp. (33 isolates of A. flavus and 6 isolates of A. niger) were characterized morphologically. Twenty isolates of A. flavus producing sclerotia were of L-type strains having sclerotia diameter >400 Î¼m. Isolates of A. flavusproduced yellowish green, dark green and light green colonies and isolates of A. niger produced dark black colonies. Sterigmata in all the isolates of Aspergillus spp. were of uniseriate type. Based on colony diameter and growth rate per day all the 39 isolates of Aspergillus spp. were grouped into fast, medium and slow growing categories. Based on multivariate cluster analysis, the isolates of A. flavus were grouped into three distinct clusters each having 13, 17 and 3 isolates respectively.In the present study, Aspergillus flavus was found predominantly associated species with the maize ear rot. Further, the morphological variation observed within Aspergillus flavus and A. niger indicated the need for proper surveillance and monitoring exclusively for the prevention of moulds in maize produce in Punjab before it reaches the consumer.

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“…The isolated fungi were firstly identified by the morphological observations according to the previous studies ( Reddy et al., 2010 ; Nagaraja et al., 2016 ; Tralamazza et al., 2018 ) and then were validated by PCR analysis ( Munitz et al., 2014 ). All fungal strains were inoculated on PDA and cultured for 7 days at 28 ± 2°C in the dark.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Survey and toxigenic abilities of Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Alternaria fungi from wheat and paddy grains in Shanghai, China

Meng¹,

Li²,

Huang³

et al. 2023

Front. Plant Sci.

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A systematic study was carried out on 638 wheat and paddy grains (including fresh and stored samples) collected in 2021 from Shanghai, China, to identify the major mycobiota and their toxigenic abilities. A total of 349 fungi, namely, 252 Fusarium, 53 Aspergillus, and 44 Alternaria, were characterized by morphological and molecular identification. Fusarium and Aspergillus were more frequently isolated in paddy with Fusarium sambucinum species complex and Aspergillus section flavi as the predominant species, respectively. The genus Alternaria was the most frequently isolated fungal species in wheat. The toxin-producing potentials of the identified fungi were further evaluated in vitro. Deoxynevalenol (DON) was produced by 34.5% of Fusarium isolates and zearalenone (ZEN) was produced by 47.6% of them, and one isolate also processed the abilities for fumonisin B1 (FB1), B2 (FB2), and B3 (FB3) productions. Aflatoxin B1 (AFB1), B2 (AFB2), and G1 (AFG1) were only generated by Aspergillus section flavi, with the production rate of 65.5%, 27.6%, and 13.8%, respectively. Alternariol (AOH) was the most prevalent Alternaria toxin, which could be produced by 95.5% of the isolates, followed by alternariol monomethyl ether (AME) (72.7%), altenuene (ALT) (52.3%), tenuazonic acid (TeA) (45.5%), tentoxin (TEN) (29.5%), and altenusin (ALS) (4.5%). A combinational analysis of mycobiota and toxigenic ability allowed us to provide comprehensive information about the production mechanisms of mycotoxins in wheat and paddy in a specific geographic area, and will be helpful for developing efficient prevention and control programs.

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Morphological Identification of Foodborne Pathogens Colonizing Rice Grains in South Asia

Cited by 7 publications

References 19 publications

Modelling, predicting and mapping the emergence of aflatoxins in cereals in the EU due to climate change

Modelling, predicting and mapping the emergence of aflatoxins in cereals in the EU due to climate change

Prevalence and morphological characterization of Aspergillus isolates of maize ear rot in Punjab

Survey and toxigenic abilities of Aspergillus, Fusarium, and Alternaria fungi from wheat and paddy grains in Shanghai, China

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