Morphological evolution of paired sand spits at the Fudu river mouth: Wave effects and anthropogenic factors

Chi, Shanhang; Zhang, Chi; Wang, Ping; Shi, Jian; Li, Fangming; Li, Yuan; Wang, Peng; Zheng, Jinhai; Sun, Jingxuan; Nguyen, Viet Thanh

doi:10.1016/j.margeo.2023.106991

Cited by 5 publications

(6 citation statements)

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“…Spit migration has been described for single spits [19,22] and paired spits [121,122]. In this study, obtained by analysis of satellite images from 1984 to 2022, spit migration was identified in some paired spits systems (PS-7, PS-20, PS-22, PS-24, PS-25), but may also have occurred in others before the start of the study period.…”

Section: Sediment Availability and Sedimentary Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 73%

“…For instance, a historical analysis of nautical charts shows a minor inlet developed in PS-14 from 1949 The three morphodynamic patterns adescribed above can also be applied to characterize the morphodynamics of paired spits at the mouths of bays and rivers. Most of them correspond to systems with a stable geomorphological configuration, while only a few studies have referred to spit breaching or degradation and the development of new spits [29,30,74,122,143]. The paired spits at the mouth of the Guadalquivir estuary (SW Spain), showed an initial stationary pattern, with degradation and the new formation of the southern spit (6900 to 2300 BP); subsequent intense progradation of the northern spit (2300 to 1000 BP) evolved to a stable pattern, where currently the southern spit is fixed by the sedimentary fill of the estuary mouth [74].…”

Section: Morphogenetic Models and Morphodynamic Patterns Of Paired Spitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Most of the paired spits identified at the mouths of interdistributary bays of deltas and within channels have shown processes of degradation and the of new spits; some other paired spits tended to develop a continuous sand barrier, or even to disappear (Table 2, Figure 6). Their intense sedimentary dynamics and geomorphological evolution, together with the remote location of many of them, explain why they have not been described before, whereas paired spits at the mouth of bays, estuaries and deltas have been described more extensively for the anthropized coast of England [23,24,[67][68][69][70][71][72]75,146,147], Ireland [73,148,149], France [16,76], Spain [74], Russia [25], India [26,34,38], China [121,122], United States of America [29], Egypt [143], Senegal [150], Colombia [151], Brazil [30,39,152], and New Zealand [28,145]. Nevertheless, paired spits have also been described in natural coasts, at the mouths of bays in the Kamchatka Peninsula [25], and at the mouth of the Volta River delta, although the latter is heavily affected by the Akosombo dam [150,153].…”

Section: Anthropization Of the Paired Spitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Distribution and Morphodynamic Patterns of Paired Spits Developed at the Mouths of Interdistributary Bays of Deltas and within Coastal Channels

et al. 2023

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Previously, paired spits have been described at the mouths of bays, estuaries, and deltas. This study analyzed the worldwide distribution and morphodynamic patterns of paired spits located at the mouths of interdistributary bays of deltas (three systems) and within coastal channels (24 systems). The methodology was based on the detailed analysis of satellite images, nautical charts, and tidal-range databases. The paired spits found were mainly located on microtidal coasts at high or mid latitudes. Waves were the main factor controlling convergent progradation and breaching of the spits, while the hydraulic blockage for the development of these paired spits was mainly due to tide-induced currents, as well as minor fluvial outlets in the interdistributary bays. Three morphodynamic patterns were identified: (i) stable, with low progradation rates, generally without breaching or degradation of any of the spits; (ii) stationary, with high progradation rates, alternating degradation or breaching of any of the spits with the formation of new spits or closure of the breaches; and (iii) instable or ephemeral, which included three subtypes, the severe erosion of one or both spits, the joining of the head of the two spits forming a single barrier, and the merging of each with its channel margin.

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Section: Sediment Availability and Sedimentary Interactionsmentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: Morphogenetic Models and Morphodynamic Patterns Of Paired Spitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Anthropization Of the Paired Spitsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Global Distribution and Morphodynamic Patterns of Paired Spits Developed at the Mouths of Interdistributary Bays of Deltas and within Coastal Channels

et al. 2023

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“…Sand spits are formed mostly by wave action; some sediments have moved inland, while others have stayed in place or moved seaward. The sediments are carried along the coast from river mouths or eroding cliffs [4]. It has been observed that erosion is now common on sand spits and that this retreat is caused by net losses of sediment offshore, along the coast, or inland.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monitoring and Forecasting of Coastal Erosion in the Context of Climate Change in Saint Louis (Senegal)

Sarr,

Pouye,

Sene

et al. 2024

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Owing to its unique physical and socio-economic characteristics, the Saint Louis region stands out as one of the most susceptible areas in Senegal to the adverse impacts of coastal erosion. The dynamics of erosion in this region are significantly influenced by the Langue de Barbarie (LB), a sand spit formed at the mouth of the Senegal River. Initially, in 2003, a 4 m wide artificial breach was strategically introduced to mitigate flooding; however, sediment dynamics expanded it to 6 km by 2020, thereby affecting the entire region. This study delves into the coastline change of the LB, specifically divided into three zones (LB-1, LB-2, and LB-3), spanning the period from 1994 to 2042. Leveraging Geographic Information System (GIS) and remote sensing techniques, our investigation reveals that, prior to the breach’s creation, the average dynamic coastline rates in zones LB-1, LB-2, and LB-3 were estimated at 4.4, 5.9, and 4.4 m/year, respectively. Subsequent to the breach, these rates shifted to −1.2, 8.4, and −2.7 m/year, with the most significant erosion observed alongshore of LB-3 at −6.6 m/year during the period 2002–2012. Projecting into 2032, LB-1 and LB-3 are anticipated to experience erosion rates of −11.5 and −26.8 m/year, respectively, while the LB-2 records an estimated accretion rate of 8.41 m/year. Eroded areas are expected to total 571,458 m2, while accumulated areas are expected to total 67,191 m2. By 2042, zones LB-1, LB-2, and LB-3 are expected to experience erosion rates of −23 and −53.6 m/year, resulting in the erosion of 1,021,963 m2 and the accumulation of 94,930 m2 with a dynamic rate of 168.2 m/year in zone LB-3. These results have significant implications for solving the urgent issue of coastal erosion in LB.

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“…A more than 4 km long shoreline is retreating in response to a mega offshore artificial island (Liu et al, 2022). Disturbances in longshore sediment transport patterns caused by an inlet jetty, a breakwater, and an artificial island led to the rapid degradation of a pair of sand spits at the Fudu River mouth (Chi et al, 2023).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Sandy shoreline recovery ability after breakwater removal

2023

Self Cite

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The removal of coastal structures has emerged as an increasingly considered alternative nature-based solution to sandy coastal erosion due to unsuited structure construction. However, its effectiveness remains uncertain because the ability of natural beach recovery is unclear due to little understanding of shoreline response to the structure removal. In this study, we use a recently developed numerical model to explore the sandy shoreline recovery ability after the removal of an attached breakwater. Both recovery duration and recovery ratio are analyzed concerning various breakwater configurations and environmental settings in a simplified and generalized framework. We find that the sandy shoreline has the ability to naturally recover after breakwater removal but with different recovery durations (years to centuries) and recovery ratios (full to partial). A higher shoreline recovery ability (i.e., shorter duration and larger ratio) is related to shorter effective breakwater length, downdrift inclined breakwater direction, lower angle of wave incidence, and greater longshore sediment transport rate. We reveal that the behavior of sand spit evolution, including the extension and split of the sand spit, is the dominant mechanism for distinct shoreline recovery processes. Two simple formulas are finally proposed to preliminarily estimate shoreline recovery ability for practical purposes. The results of the present study provide new insights into coastal morphological resilience to engineering interventions.

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Morphological evolution of paired sand spits at the Fudu river mouth: Wave effects and anthropogenic factors

Cited by 5 publications

References 76 publications

Global Distribution and Morphodynamic Patterns of Paired Spits Developed at the Mouths of Interdistributary Bays of Deltas and within Coastal Channels

Global Distribution and Morphodynamic Patterns of Paired Spits Developed at the Mouths of Interdistributary Bays of Deltas and within Coastal Channels

Monitoring and Forecasting of Coastal Erosion in the Context of Climate Change in Saint Louis (Senegal)

Sandy shoreline recovery ability after breakwater removal

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