The sustainability of fishery resources is a strategic axis of the development policy for the maritime fishing sector in Morocco. The rational management of these resources and its sustainable exploitation form the basis for ensuring the protection and sustainability of species for present and future generations. In view of the seriousness of the multiple pressures on the sustainability of fish stocks, and on the marine ecosystem, especially in Mehdia, the concern and national responsibility vis-à-vis the fisheries heritage challenges the public authorities in Morocco, to better manage fishery resources in this area which benefits little from the rent from its strategic location. In this article, we propose to enlighten the reader on the one hand, on the state of fishery resources in Mehdia, and on the other hand to demonstrate the role of the sustainability strategy which is conceived as a participatory and exploratory process improvement of the quality and quantity of fishery resources in the study area.