Morphological evolution driven semiconducting nanostructures for emerging solar, biological and nanogenerator applications

Abstract

Metal oxide nanostructures are most fascinating smart and functional materials owing to their outstanding wide and tuneable band gap, biocompatibility, high electrochemical coupling coefficient, high photostability, high-sensitivity, non-toxicity, high electron...

Bibliometric and Visualized Analysis of Piezoelectric Materials in Biomedical Application

“…Aside from lead-rich piezoelectric materials, such as barium titanate, lithium niobate, barium zirconate titanate–barium calcium titanate-, and bismuth sodium titanate-based materials have no obvious toxic effects . Nontoxic zinc oxide (ZnO) and aluminum nitride (AlN) and Gallium nitride (GaN) are still attractive biomedical materials. On the other hand, organic piezoelectric materials, such as polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF), , and poly­( l -lactic acid) (PLLA), also have no related toxicity reports.…”

Recent Advancements in Plant- and Microbe-Mediated Synthesis of Metal and Metal Oxide Nanomaterials and Their Emerging Antimicrobial Applications

“…These natural phytochemicals participate in redox reactions which involve electron exchange between metal precursors and phytochemicals and also prevent the agglomeration of NPs. , To synthesize NPs from metal salts using green approaches, hazardous chemical substances are not used, making it a sustainable alternative to conventional methods. − Plant-mediated NP synthesis has a number of benefits over microbe-mediated synthesis in which complicated procedures are required for keeping microbiological colonies alive . Plant-mediated synthesis allows large scale manufacturing; however, several issues related to the quality of the NPs and controlled morphology and size remain key bottlenecks. ,, …”

“… Recently, NPs have emerged as new tools that can be used to combat deadly bacterial infections. Distinct physicochemical traits of NPs make them promising candidates to achieve enhanced therapeutic efficacy against resilient MDR bacterial infections and even bacterial biofilms. , Recently, Slavin et al showed the effectiveness of Ag NPs against both Gram-positive and Gram-negative MDR bacteria including Staphylococcus aureus , Staphylococcus epidermidis , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Klebsiella pneumoniae , and Acinetobacter baumannii . Similarly, functionalized Au NPs have also been observed to be effective against both Gram-negative and Gram-positive uropathogens, including multidrug-resistant pathogens .…”

“…Antimicrobial applications of NPs have been in the forefront of research to treat various types of infections caused by different bacteria and viruses such as hepatitis B virus (HBV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), norovirus, influenza virus, respiratory viruses, coronavirus, tuberculosis, pneumonia, UTI (urinary tract infection), and cholera due to increasing resistance to antibiotics which are considered the primary treatment method. − The increase in microorganisms in water, homes, hospitals, and farms due to inadequate sanitation poses a grave threat to people with weak immune systems. − When illnesses caused by viruses and bacteria are not appropriately treated, they may spread and cause a global catastrophe, losing the ability to ensure a stable climate. , The coronavirus is the most recent example of people dying due to respiratory problems and a lack of resources as a result of large scale spread of infection . Metal and metal oxide (M/MO) NPs, such as Cu, Pt, Pd, Ni, CeO 2 , MgO, CuO, Fe 2 O 3 , FeO, and TiO 2 NPs, ,− have been widely employed for different biomedical applications. − These NPs have several advantages such as surface functionality, band gap amplification, intrinsic fluorescence, structural alterations that modify cell parameters, and lattice symmetry. − …”

“…124 Plant-mediated synthesis allows large scale manufacturing; however, several issues related to the quality of the NPs and controlled morphology and size remain key bottlenecks. 63,125,126 To synthesize NPs on a large scale from plants, various parts of plants such as fruits, leaves, blossoms, seeds, and bark are washed with DI (deionized) water at room temperature, dried, minced, and then ground into fine powder. 128 A certain quantity of the obtained dried powder is dissolved in a solvent and stored on a shaker at room temperature for 2−3 days.…”