Morphological Evidence of Telocytes in Canine Inferior Vena Cava

Ultrastructural evidence of telocytes in the embryonic chick heart

“…These new resident cells support heart morphogenesis and maturation, maintain homeostasis, provide structural support and protection, and participate in tissue renewal and repair (Manasek, 1970; Pogontke et al, 2019; Ruiz‐Villalba et al, 2013; Silva et al, 2021). In the past decade, a breakthrough in the histoarchitectural study of the myocardial interstitium has come about with discovering a nonmyocyte cell type termed as telocyte (TC), a cell that has also been identified in the stromal space of other organs and tissues in both human and other species (Chang et al, 2015; El‐Tahawy & Rifaai, 2019; Gandahi et al, 2020; Liu et al, 2019; Luesma et al, 2021; Manetti et al, 2019; Nizyaeva et al, 2018; Qi et al, 2012; Rusu et al, 2020; Rusu et al, 2018; Rusu et al, 2012; Shoshkes‐Carmel et al, 2018; Vannucchi et al, 2014; Xu et al, 2017). Specifically in the heart, researchers have documented cardiac telocytes in the myocardium (Hinescu et al, 2006; Hinescu & Popescu, 2005; Kostin & Popescu, 2006; Popescu et al, 2006), epicardium (Iancu et al, 2019; Popescu et al, 2010), endocardium (Gherghiceanu et al, 2010; Grigoriu et al, 2016), myocardial sleeves (Gherghiceanu et al, 2008; Vandecasteele et al, 2017), sinoatrial node (Mitrofanova et al, 2018) and valves (Lis et al, 2020; Yang et al, 2014).…”