Morphological evidence of depth-related speciation in deep-sea Arctic echinoderms

Rogacheva, Antonina; Миронов, А. Н.; Minin, K. V.; Gebruk, Andrey

doi:10.15298/invertzool.10.1.07

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 18 publications

(30 reference statements)

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“…Morphological data suggest dispersal of Elpidia through the North Atlantic into the Arctic Ocean (Belyaev, 1975;Gebruk, 1990). Cladistic analysis, based on morphological characters, supports this hypothesis and indicates the Arctic emergence with formation of the most shallow-water species in the family, Elpidia glacialis, occurring at depths from 70 to 610 m (Rogacheva, 2007;Budaeva, Rogacheva, 2013;Rogacheva et al, 2013).…”

Section: Arctic Emergencementioning

confidence: 57%

“…It is known from the west Barents Sea southward to the Angola coast and the Walvis Ridge at depths 20 2635 m. This species (and the genus as a whole) is known from the Arctic abyssal (2198 m) only from single occurrence in the Norwegian Sea. Both the genus and the species are of the North Atlantic shelf origin (Tyler, Young, 1998;Mironov, 2006;Minin, 2012;Rogacheva et al, 2013). Recent molecular studies support this scenario (Minin et al, 2012;Minin, pers.…”

Section: Deep-sea North Atlantic As a Transit Regionmentioning

confidence: 91%

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Global distribution patterns of genera occurring in the Arctic Ocean deeper 2000 m

Миронов

Dilman²,

Krylova³

2013

Invertzool

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A list of genera represented in the abyssal (>2000 m) of the Arctic Ocean was compiled for 8 classes (Scaphopoda, Bivalvia, Crinoidea, Echinoidea, Holothuroidea, Asteroidea, Ophiuroidea and Ascidiacea) and some orders from the classes Anthozoa, Maxillopoda and Malacostraca. This list includes 92 genera and 133 species. Species endemic to the Arctic Ocean comprise 51% whereas species endemic to the Arctic abyssal comprise 19%. Only two small genera are endemic to the Arctic Ocean. Genera with a worldwide distribution (60 genera or 65%) dominate the Arctic abyssal fauna. Most genera (55 or 60%) can be considered as deep-sea specialists, with half or more of the species in each genus occurring deeper than 2000 m. About one third of genera (37%) are known outside the Arctic in the hadal zone (>6000 m). The share of genera known from the hadal is probably higher in the Arctic abyssal than in the abyssal of other oceans. For many genera, the worldwide minimum or maximum of their depth ranges is found in the Arctic Ocean. Distribution patterns of genera suggest that many deep-sea Arctic species derive from their congeners distributed in geographically distant regions (primarily the Southern Ocean and the Indo-West Pacific). The deep-sea North Atlantic was the main transit region on the pathway to the Arctic. There is no firm evidence of the presence of derivatives of the pre-Pliocene deep-sea Arctic fauna in the modern Arctic fauna. Twelve genera (13%) with a worldwide distribution are recognized as the most reliable examples of the emergence of the abyssal fauna in the Arctic Ocean. Two genera (2%) are characterized by the following distribution and ecological patterns: (1) distribution is limited to the Northern Hemisphere, (2) wide bathymetrical range (from shelf to abyssal), (3) abyssal records only within the Arctic Ocean, and (4) very wide ranges of habitats. Arctic submergence of the shelf fauna to the abyssal zone is suggested for these genera. Some higher taxa, not considered in the present work in detail, may have a high share of genera with similar distribution patterns. For instance the share of genera having submerged from the Arctic shelf to the abyssal is about 25% in the abyssal Arctic amphipod fauna.

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Section: Arctic Emergencementioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Deep-sea North Atlantic As a Transit Regionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Global distribution patterns of genera occurring in the Arctic Ocean deeper 2000 m

Миронов

Dilman²,

Krylova³

2013

Invertzool

Self Cite

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“…Eytan et al ., 2009), echinoderms (e.g. Rogacheva et al ., 2013), and ascidians (Dias et al ., 2009). Sister species can also diverge in habitat type [e.g.…”

Section: Speciation In Animalsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Speciation across the Tree of Life

et al. 2021

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Much of what we know about speciation comes from detailed studies of well‐known model systems. Although there have been several important syntheses on speciation, few (if any) have explicitly compared speciation among major groups across the Tree of Life. Here, we synthesize and compare what is known about key aspects of speciation across taxa, including bacteria, protists, fungi, plants, and major animal groups. We focus on three main questions. Is allopatric speciation predominant across groups? How common is ecological divergence of sister species (a requirement for ecological speciation), and on what niche axes do species diverge in each group? What are the reproductive isolating barriers in each group? Our review suggests the following patterns. (i) Based on our survey and projected species numbers, the most frequent speciation process across the Tree of Life may be co‐speciation between endosymbiotic bacteria and their insect hosts. (ii) Allopatric speciation appears to be present in all major groups, and may be the most common mode in both animals and plants, based on non‐overlapping ranges of sister species. (iii) Full sympatry of sister species is also widespread, and may be more common in fungi than allopatry. (iv) Full sympatry of sister species is more common in some marine animals than in terrestrial and freshwater ones. (v) Ecological divergence of sister species is widespread in all groups, including ~70% of surveyed species pairs of plants and insects. (vi) Major axes of ecological divergence involve species interactions (e.g. host‐switching) and habitat divergence. (vii) Prezygotic isolation appears to be generally more widespread and important than postzygotic isolation. (viii) Rates of diversification (and presumably speciation) are strikingly different across groups, with the fastest rates in plants, and successively slower rates in animals, fungi, and protists, with the slowest rates in prokaryotes. Overall, our study represents an initial step towards understanding general patterns in speciation across all organisms.

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“…This low figure contrasts with the ~ 3000 recruits found on panels in the present study. B. carpenterii is a pan‐Arctic bathyal species (Rogacheva et al ), with most adult individuals living on pebbles or shells buried in the soft sediment (Soltwedel et al ) and living 10–15 yr (Duco and Roux ). The reasons why these taxa so abundantly colonize new substrata but are not present on older, natural hard‐bottom habitats are unclear.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recruitment of Arctic deep‐sea invertebrates: Results from a long‐term hard‐substrate colonization experiment at the Long‐Term Ecological Research observatory HAUSGARTEN

Meyer-Kaiser

Bergmann

Soltwedel

et al. 2019

Limnology & Oceanography

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For benthic marine invertebrates, recruitment strongly influences the composition and abundance of resulting communities. We present the results of a long‐term (1999–2017) colonization experiment at the Long‐Term Ecological Research observatory HAUSGARTEN in the Fram Strait (Arctic Ocean, 79°N, 04°E, 2500 m water depth). Recruitment panels were constructed from plastic and brick and deployed attached to a metal frame in 1999. The experiment was monitored using a remotely operated vehicle in 2003 and 2011 and recovered in 2017. Recruitment was very low, with only foraminiferans being visible after 4 yr (2003) and one metazoan species, the hydroid Halisiphonia arctica, being visible on the panels after 12 yr (2011). After 18 yr underwater, panels were colonized by 13 metazoan species as well as calcareous and agglutinating foraminiferans. Recruitment was higher on brick panels than on plastic, but while some species were more common on panels at higher altitude (H. arctica and the crinoid Bathycrinus carpenterii), others were more common on panels closer to the seafloor (serpulid polychaetes) or on panels in line with the predominant bottom current (small round white sponges). The most common species recruiting to our panels can be described as opportunistic. Meanwhile, large hexactinellid sponges that are common in natural communities did not recruit to our panels. These results suggest that community assembly in the Arctic deep sea takes much longer than the two decades spanned by this study.

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Morphological evidence of depth-related speciation in deep-sea Arctic echinoderms

Cited by 8 publications

References 18 publications

Global distribution patterns of genera occurring in the Arctic Ocean deeper 2000 m

Global distribution patterns of genera occurring in the Arctic Ocean deeper 2000 m

Speciation across the Tree of Life

Recruitment of Arctic deep‐sea invertebrates: Results from a long‐term hard‐substrate colonization experiment at the Long‐Term Ecological Research observatory HAUSGARTEN

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