Morphological evaluation of monocytes and their precursors

Goasguen, J; Bennett, John M.; Bain, Barbara J.; Vallespı́, Teresa; Brunning, Richard D.; Mufti, G J

doi:10.3324/haematol.2008.005421

Cited by 100 publications

(58 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…The majority of the samples were obtained from patients newly diagnosed with AML (30 out of 41), while 11 out of 41 samples were from patients with relapsed or refractory disease. For the purpose of this study, leukemia cases were categorized according to the FAB criteria (1,7,31). Cases of FAB M4, M4Eo, M5a, and M5b were considered as displaying monocytic differentiation, while FAB M0, M1, M2, M3 (acute promyelocytic leukemia, APL), M6, and M7 were not.…”

Section: Materials and Methods Case Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of immune inhibitory receptor ILT3 in acute myeloid leukemia with monocytic differentiation

Dobrowolska

Gill

Serban

et al. 2012

Cytometry Part B Clinical

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Background: The diagnosis of AML with monocytic differentiation is limited by the lack of highly sensitive and specific monocytic markers. Immunoglobulin-like transcript 3 (ILT3) is an immune inhibitory receptor expressed by myelomonocytic cells and at high levels by tolerogenic dendritic cells.Methods: Using flow cytometry, we analyzed the expression of ILT3 in 37 patients with AML and 20 patients with no detectable disease.Results: We showed that ILT3 was expressed in all cases of AML displaying monocytic differentiation (FAB M4/M5; N 5 18), but not in AML M1/M2 and M3 (N 5 19; P < 0.0001). Co-expression of ILT3 and immature cell markers, such as CD34 and CD117, was observed in monoblastic leukemia. ILT3 expression was preserved after treatment in M4/M5 patients with refractory or relapsed disease. ILT3 expression was associated with the presence of cytogenetic abnormalities linked to an intermediate prognosis (P 5 0.001). Rare CD45dimCD341CD1171ILT31 cells were identified in noninvolved bone marrow, suggesting that ILT3 expression is acquired at an early stage by normal myelomonocytic precursors.Conclusions: ILT3 is a highly sensitive and specific marker which distinguishes AML with monocytic differentiation from other types of AML. Testing of ILT3 expression should be incorporated into the initial diagnostic work-up and monitoring of patients with AML.

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Section: Materials and Methods Case Selectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of immune inhibitory receptor ILT3 in acute myeloid leukemia with monocytic differentiation

Dobrowolska

Gill

Serban

et al. 2012

Cytometry Part B Clinical

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“…The WHO recommends stratifying CMML into three groups based on bone marrow and peripheral blood blast count: CMML-0 [blasts <2% in peripheral blood (PB) and <5% in bone marrow (BM)], CMML-1 (2-4% in PB, 5-9% in BM) and CMML-2 (5-19% in PB, 10-19% in BM, or presence of Auer rods). Importantly, promonocytes, which are sometimes difficult to distinguish from immature monocytes, must be included in the blast count of CMML [18].…”

Section: Diagnostic Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

CMML: Clinical and molecular aspects

et al. 2017

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“…other cells are lymphocytes, with few polymorphonuclear leukocytes and few cells that appear to be mature monocytes at histopathology [25]. The latter cells are not generally cited in tables indicating BAL cell compositions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, other cells were present in low (usually <1%) frequency, including polymorphonuclear leukocytes and cells that resembled morphologically mature monocytes [25]: large with an indented nucleus such as illustrated by the far left, lower cell in the selected high-power cytospin field that illustrates the different cell types in Figure 1. PBMs cultured for 7 days (PBMs-7) appeared larger and less dense than those cultured for 1 day (PBMs-1) and appeared morphologically similar to AMs on stained cytospin preparations, as described elsewhere [3].…”

Section: Characteristics Of Cell Preparationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human Alveolar Macrophages May Not Be Susceptible to Direct Infection by a Human Influenza Virus

et al. 2016

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The current studies were undertaken to determine the susceptibility of human alveolar macrophages (AMs) to influenza A virus (IAV) infection in comparison with autologous peripheral blood-derived monocytes-macrophages (PBMs). AMs and PBMs were exposed to IAV in vitro and examined for their ability to bind and internalize IAV, and synthesize viral proteins and RNA. PBMs but not AMs demonstrated binding and internalization of the virus, synthesizing viral proteins and RNA. Exposure of AMs in the presence of a sialidase inhibitor or anti-IAV antibody resulted in viral protein synthesis by the cells. Exposure of AMs to fluorescein isothiocyanate-labeled IAV in the presence of anti-fluorescein isothiocyanate antibody also resulted in viral protein synthesis. Thus, human AMs are apparently not susceptible to direct infection by a human IAV but are likely to be infected indirectly in the setting of exposure in the presence of antibody that binds the challenging strain of IAV.Keywords. human alveolar macrophages; influenza virus; monocytes; macrophages.Human influenza A virus (IAV) predominantly infects the upper airways [1]. In the vast majority of infected individuals, pneumonia does not occur. In the ferret model, infection is confined largely to airway epithelium and is rare in the alveoli [2]. However, isolated ferret alveolar tissues seem to be as susceptible to infection as the airways, suggesting that host defenses prevent viral infection at the alveolar level [2]. Alveolar macrophages (AMs) generally have been considered to be the first leukocyte-based line of defense against respiratory pathogens such as influenza virus [3][4][5][6]. AMs must protect the lungs not only from pathogens but also from constant immunopathological processes due to all types of inhaled material [6], and elimination of AMs in immunized mice can enhance inflammatory responses to antigen [7], suggesting that AMs play a predominantly suppressive role during inflammatory responses in vivo. Our early studies showed that human AMs from healthy volunteer donors differed substantially from autologous peripheral blood blood-derived monocytes-macrophages (PBMs) in support of lymphocyte proliferative responses to both mitogens and antigens, including inactivated IAV [3]. In contrast to significant accessory cell support demonstrated by PBMs, lymphocytes exposed to the inactivated virus in the presence of AMs showed no difference in proliferation compared with the lymphocytes cultured in the absence of any accessory cell. Furthermore, when AMs were added to PBMs plus lymphocytes, with appropriate controls for cell numbers, the AMs suppressed lymphocyte proliferative responses to antigen [8]. Others have reported that human IAV infection of human monocyte and macrophage subpopulations showed increased susceptibility associated with cell differentiation [9]. As differentiated macrophages likely to first encounter IAV, AMs have generally been assessed for infection using immunofluorescent staining for IAV antigens [10][11][12]. van Riel and colleagu...

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Morphological evaluation of monocytes and their precursors

Cited by 100 publications

References 11 publications

Expression of immune inhibitory receptor ILT3 in acute myeloid leukemia with monocytic differentiation

Expression of immune inhibitory receptor ILT3 in acute myeloid leukemia with monocytic differentiation

CMML: Clinical and molecular aspects

Human Alveolar Macrophages May Not Be Susceptible to Direct Infection by a Human Influenza Virus

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