Studies on laser ablation of polymer films, molecular crystals in solution, protein solution, and culture media containing living cells are summarized and considered. Dynamics and mechanism of laser ablation were systematically studied by utilizing time-resolved spectroscopy and imaging; femtosecondnanosecond transient absorption and emission spectroscopy, nanosecond shadowgraphy, nanosecondnanometer interferometry, femtosecond surface light scattering imaging. It was confirmed by integrating both data that primary processes of laser ablation can be well understood in the framework of Jablonski diagram. For nanosecond laser ablation of doped polymers, it was demonstrated that cyclic multiphoton absorption is an efficient photothermal conversion process leading to photothermal ablation. For femtosecond laser ablation of dye films, transient pressure mechanism was proposed indicating photomechanical ablation. As applications of laser ablation, nanoparticle preparation, protein crystallization, and manipulation of living cells are presented. Laser ablation of molecular crystals in poor solvent gives small fragments whose size are in a few tens nm. The fabricated nanocolloids are stable without adding detergents and their size was the smallest as nanoparticles produced by the top-down-method. Multiphoton laser ablation of water generates local impulsive force due to bubble formation, shockwave propagation, and local convection flow. The force triggers molecular and protein crystallization in their supersaturated solutions, whose mechanisms are described and considered. The impulsive force is also very useful for manipulating living cells and its high potential was confirmed by examining cell functions such as division, differentiation, death, and migration. Finally summary and future plan are presented.Studies on molecular spectroscopy and photochemistry introduced lasers very early in 1960's and used them as light sources for spectroscopic measurements as well as for inducing photochemical reactions. When chemists started to use pulsed lasers, they soon became aware that laser irradiation induced vaporization, decomposition, and fragmentation of materials and found that the irradiated surface was etched. The left patterns on the colored papers were practically used to confirm optical alignment in experimental setups before infrared (IR) viewer became popular. Later this laser-induced phenomenon was called laser ablation by Srinivasan, 1 and its systematic application was quickly developed to fabricate microstructures of various materials by electronics engineers and to microsurgery by medical doctors. Laser ablation is made possible by applying pulsed lasers and never brought out by weak continuous wave (CW) laser even when its irradiation continues for 1 year. Laser ablation is one of representative nonlinear photochemical phenomena and has a threshold with respect with laser fluence. Initially most of laser ablation studies were carried out for metals, semiconductors, ceramics, and glasses, 2 while organic materi...