Morphological differentiation in a common garden experiment among native and non-native specimens of the invasive weed yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis)

Eriksen, Renée L.; Desronvil, Theodora; Hierro, José Luis; Kesseli, Rick

doi:10.1007/s10530-012-0172-6

Cited by 39 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…2C,D). Higher reproductive output of larger invaders supports a previous inference of adaptive size evolution in this invasion, based on size differences exceeding expectations from molecular differentiation (Q ST > F ST ) 25 .…”

supporting

confidence: 80%

Evolution of invasiveness through increased resource use in a vacant niche

Dlugosch

et al. 2015

Nature Plants

125

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Non-native plants are now a pervasive feature of ecosystems across the globe1. One hypothesis for this pattern is that introduced species occupy open niches in recipient communities2,3. If true, then non-native plants should often benefit from low competition for limiting resources that define niches. Many plants have evolved larger size after introduction, consistent with increased access to limiting resources4–9. It has been difficult to test whether larger size reflects adaptation to exploit open resources, however, because vacant niches are generally challenging to identify in plants. Here we take advantage of a situation in which a highly invasive non-native plant, Centaurea solstitialis L. (yellow starthistle, hereafter ‘YST’), occupies a well-described environmental niche, wherein water is a known limiting resource10,11. We use a glasshouse common environment and climatic niche modeling to reveal that invading YST has evolved a higher-fitness life history at the expense of increased dependence on water. Critically, historical declines in resident competitors have made water more available for introduced plants11,12, demonstrating how native biodiversity declines can open niches and create opportunities for introduced species to evolve increased resource use, a potentially widespread basis for introduction success and the evolution of invasive life histories.

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supporting

confidence: 80%

Evolution of invasiveness through increased resource use in a vacant niche

Dlugosch

et al. 2015

Nature Plants

125

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“…Invading populations are persistent and difficult to control (Aslan et al, ; Matzek & Hill, ). Genotypes from invaded regions have evolved larger seeds, larger biomass, faster growth rates, shorter time to flowering, and greater reproductive output than those from the Eurasian native range (Dlugosch, Cang, et al, ; Eriksen, Desronvil, Hierro, & Kesseli, ; Widmer, Guermache, Dolgovskaia, & Reznik, ). Invading populations in the Americas achieve densities that are more than an order of magnitude higher than those in the native range (Andonian et al, ; Uygur, Smith, Uygur, Cristofaro, & Balciunas, ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Expansion history and environmental suitability shape effective population size in a plant invasion

2019

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The margins of an expanding range are predicted to be challenging environments for adaptation. Marginal populations should often experience low effective population sizes (Ne) where genetic drift is high due to demographic expansion and/or census population size is low due to unfavourable environmental conditions. Nevertheless, invasive species demonstrate increasing evidence of rapid evolution and potential adaptation to novel environments encountered during colonization, calling into question whether significant reductions in Ne are realized during range expansions in nature. Here we report one of the first empirical tests of the joint effects of expansion dynamics and environment on effective population size variation during invasive range expansion. We estimate contemporary values of Ne using rates of linkage disequilibrium among genome‐wide markers within introduced populations of the highly invasive plant Centaurea solstitialis (yellow starthistle) in North America (California, USA), and within native Eurasian populations. As predicted, we find that Ne within the invaded range is positively correlated with both expansion history (time since founding) and habitat quality (abiotic climate). History and climate had independent additive effects with similar effect sizes, indicating an important role for both factors in this invasion. These results support theoretical expectations for the population genetics of range expansion, though whether these processes can ultimately arrest the spread of an invasive species remains an unanswered question.

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“…Several invading populations show evidence of additional recent admixture with other native populations (Barker et al, ; Dlugosch, Lai, Bonin, Hierro, & Rieseberg, ; Eriksen et al, ). Phenotypic studies have revealed evolutionary increases in plant size during this range expansion, which is associated with higher fitness (Dlugosch, Cang, et al, ; Eriksen, Desronvil, Hierro, & Kesseli, ; Widmer, Guermache, Dolgovskaia, & Reznik, ). Experimental crosses in C. solstitialis provide an opportunity to better understand how admixture might be influencing the success of invading lineages.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Progeny ( N = 523, including 1–3 per cross) were reared for growth measurements in the common glasshouse environment. Increased growth is a fundamental metric of heterosis in experimental crosses (Birchler et al, ; Chen, ), and it is a key trait whose evolution is associated with increased fitness in invasions of C. solstitialis (Dlugosch, Cang, et al, ; Eriksen et al, ). All size measurements of both “source” genotypes (produced by within‐population crosses) and “admixed” genotypes (produced by among population crosses) were made in the same experiment, at both 4 and 5 weeks of age (Supporting Information Figure ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Potential limits to the benefits of admixture during biological invasion

et al. 2018

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Species introductions often bring together genetically divergent source populations, resulting in genetic admixture. This geographic reshuffling of diversity has the potential to generate favorable new genetic combinations, facilitating the establishment and invasive spread of introduced populations. Observational support for the superior performance of admixed introductions has been mixed, however, and the broad importance of admixture to invasion questioned. Under most underlying mechanisms, admixture’s benefits should be expected to increase with greater divergence among and lower genetic diversity within source populations, though these effects have not been quantified in invaders. We experimentally crossed source populations differing in divergence in the invasive plant Centaurea solstitialis. Crosses resulted in many positive (heterotic) interactions, but fitness benefits declined and were ultimately negative at high source divergence, with patterns suggesting cyto-nuclear epistasis. We explored the literature to assess whether such negative epistatic interactions might be impeding admixture at high source population divergence. Admixed introductions reported for plants came from sources with a wide range of genetic variation, but were disproportionately absent where there was high genetic divergence among native populations. We conclude that while admixture is common in species introductions and often happens under conditions expected to be beneficial to invaders, these conditions may be constrained by predictable negative genetic interactions, potentially explaining conflicting evidence for admixture’s benefits to invasion.

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Morphological differentiation in a common garden experiment among native and non-native specimens of the invasive weed yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis)

Cited by 39 publications

References 29 publications

Evolution of invasiveness through increased resource use in a vacant niche

Evolution of invasiveness through increased resource use in a vacant niche

Expansion history and environmental suitability shape effective population size in a plant invasion

Potential limits to the benefits of admixture during biological invasion

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